ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Delivery of Insulin via Skin Route for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Approaches for Breaching the Obstacles.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Transdermal Iontophoresis Insulin in Laboratory Animals: A Systematic Review.Iranian biomedical journal · 2025Pooled it
- In Vivo Indirect Insulin Dose Evaluation of Noninvasive Ultrasound-Mediated Transdermal Delivery Compared to Subcutaneous Injection.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Microneedle Mediated Gas Delivery for Rapid Separation, Enhanced Drug Penetration, and Combined Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Review
- Synthesis and swelling studies of modified chitosan smart hydrogels containing alkyl sulfonate anionic pendant groups as microparticles for insulin release.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oral administration microrobots for drug delivery.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Effectiveness, safety, and preference of transdermal insulin compared to subcutaneous insulin in the treatment of diabetes patients: a systematic review of clinical trials.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Review
- Design, Development andRecent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2024Article
- Fabrication of Black Silicon Microneedle Arrays for High Drug Loading.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Biodegradable double-network GelMA-ACNM hydrogel microneedles for transdermal drug delivery.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Harnessing gut cells for functional insulin production: Strategies and challenges.Biotechnology notes (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Review
- Article
- In Silico Prediction of Skin Permeability Using a Two-QSAR Approach.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Transdermal permeation of curcumin promoted by choline geranate ionic liquid: Potential for the treatment of skin diseases.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2022Article
- Potentials of Neuropeptides as Therapeutic Agents for Neurological Diseases.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Therapeutics for type-2 diabetes mellitus: a glance at the recent inclusions and novel agents under development for use in clinical practice.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Insulin is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by hyperglycemia. Subcutaneous injections are the standard mode of delivery for insulin therapy; however, this procedure is very often invasive, which hinders patient compliance, particularly for individuals requiring insulin doses four times a day. Furthermore, cases have been reported of sudden hypoglycemia occurrences following multidose insulin injections. Such an invasive and intensive approach motivates the quest for alternative, more user-friendly insulin administration approaches. For example, transdermal delivery has numerous advantages, such as prolonged drug release, low variability in the drug plasma level, and improved patient compliance. In this paper, the authors summarize different approaches used in transdermal insulin delivery, including microneedles, chemical permeation enhancers, sonophoresis, patches, electroporation, iontophoresis, vesicular formulations, microemulsions, nanoparticles, and microdermabrasion. Transdermal systems for insulin delivery are still being widely researched. The conclusions presented in this paper are extracted from the literature, notably, that the transdermal route could effectively and reliably deliver insulin into the circulatory system. Consistent progress in this area will ensure that some of the aforementioned transdermal insulin delivery systems will be introduced in clinical practice and commercially available in the near future.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.