ReviewCancers2021
Hematopoietic versus Solid Cancers and T Cell Dysfunction: Looking for Similarities and Distinctions.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Exercise on Immune System Markers in Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Metabolic reprogramming of CAR-T cells: a multi-pronged strategy to conquer the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Chronic exercise training intensity, immune cells, and cancer outcomes: a scoping review.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- Mitochondria: from powerhouses of cells to hubs in antitumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Collision Tumors Involving Metastatic Carcinoma and Plasma Cell Myeloma: Report of Two Cases.Case reports in pathology · 2026Article
- Organoid models: reshaping the paradigm for precision development and evaluation of CAR-T cell therapies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Review
- From Lab to Clinic: Effect of Academia-Industry Collaboration Characteristics on Oncology Phase 1 Trial Entry.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Prognosis of second primary oral squamous cell carcinoma after hematologic malignancy: a retrospective cohort analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment to improve CAR-T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Glucose metabolism in B cell malignancies: a focus on glycolysis branching pathways.Molecular oncology · 2024Review
- Stepping forward: T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- USP24-i-101 targeting of USP24 activates autophagy to inhibit drug resistance acquired during cancer therapy.Cell death and differentiation · 2024Article
- TIM-3Science immunology · 2024Article
- FAK mediates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation by modulating mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1/cyclin D1.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma improve prognosis by recruiting CD8Molecular oncology · 2023Article
- Editorial: Advances in mathematical and computational oncology, volume III.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- A novel anti-B7-H3 chimeric antigen receptor from a single-chain antibody library for immunotherapy of solid cancers.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- Simultaneous multiple myeloma and non-small cell lung carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature.Oncology letters · 2022Article
- Biomimetic nanoparticles for tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer cells escape, suppress and exploit the host immune system to sustain themselves, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) actively dampens T cell function by various mechanisms. Over the last years, new immunotherapeutic approaches, such as adoptive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have been successfully applied for refractory malignancies that could only be treated in a palliative manner previously. Engaging the anti-tumor activity of the immune system, including CAR T cell therapy to target the CD19 B cell antigen, proved to be effective in acute lymphocytic leukemia. In low-grade hematopoietic B cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, clinical outcomes have been tempered by cancer-induced T cell dysfunction characterized in part by a state of metabolic lethargy. In multiple myeloma, novel antigens such as BCMA and CD38 are being explored for CAR T cells. In solid cancers, T cell-based immunotherapies have been applied successfully to melanoma and lung cancers, whereas application in e.g., breast cancer lags behind and is modestly effective as yet. The main hurdles for CAR T cell immunotherapy in solid tumors are the lack of suitable antigens, anatomical inaccessibility, and T cell anergy due to immunosuppressive TME. Given the wide range of success and failure of immunotherapies in various cancer types, it is crucial to comprehend the underlying similarities and distinctions in T cell dysfunction. Hence, this review aims at comparing selected, distinct B cell-derived versus solid cancer types and at describing means by which malignant cells and TME might dampen T cell anti-tumor activity, with special focus on immunometabolism. Drawing a meaningful parallel between the efficacy of immunotherapy and the extent of T cell dysfunction will shed light on areas where we can improve immune function to battle cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.