Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33466547›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021

The Association between Lifestyle Choices and Schizophrenia Symptoms.

Sylwia Kalinowska, Beata Trześniowska-Drukała, Karolina Kłoda, Krzysztof Safranow, Błażej Misiak, Agnieszka Cyran, Jerzy Samochowiec

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Trends in Sudden Death Among Schizophrenia Inpatients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sylwia KalinowskaDepartment of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 26 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1715-3866
Beata Trześniowska-DrukałaDepartment of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 26 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
Karolina KłodaIndependent Laboratory of Family Physician Education, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Rybacka Street, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
Krzysztof SafranowDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Powstancow Wlkp Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9415-2758
Błażej MisiakDepartment of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteura Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
Agnieszka CyranDepartment of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteura Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7371-3584
Jerzy SamochowiecDepartment of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 26 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1438-583X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Due to poor eating habits, insufficient physical activity, and nicotine use, schizophrenia patients are at increased risk of lifestyle diseases. Factors contributing to unhealthy behaviors include lower socioeconomic status and level of education as well as social isolation. Schizophrenia manifestations such as amotivation, apathy, and cognitive deficits can further hinder development of proper health habits. The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between lifestyle-related choices and schizophrenia symptoms severity. This observational study enrolled 106 patients with schizophrenia (42 Males/64 Females), 18-69 years (mean: 41.89 ± 9.7 years). Mean duration of schizophrenia was 14.61 ± 9.7 years. Multiple significant correlations were found between patients' lifestyle and their biochemical laboratory parameters (lipid profile and fasting glucose). Most importantly, a significant link emerged between presented habits and schizophrenia symptom severity. There were also significant gender differences in the intake of sweets and sweet beverages. Quite unexpectedly, a behavioral shift towards more healthy lifestyle choices was observed after completion of questionnaires on lifestyle and health habits. There are clear benefits to systematic provision of educational interventions concerning physical activity and proper eating habits to schizophrenia patients. These simple preventive measures could significantly improve both mental and physical health outcomes in schizophrenia patient populations.

Indexed as

eating behaviorlifestylemetabolic disordersobesityschizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID33466547
PMCPMC7796511

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.