ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Patterns of Red and Processed Meat Consumption across North America: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Comparison of Dietary Recalls from Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The current and future costs of colorectal cancer attributable to red and processed meat consumption in Brazil.BMC health services research · 2023Pooled it
- The Change Club intervention: 2-year impacts from a cluster-randomized trial in rural communities in New York and Texas.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Impact of taxes and warning labels on red meat purchases among US consumers: A randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2023Trial
- Effect of Climate Change Impact Menu Labels on Fast Food Ordering Choices Among US Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Evaluation of a civic engagement approach to catalyze built environment change and promote healthy eating and physical activity among rural residents: a cluster (community) randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Developing health and environmental warning messages about red meat: An online experiment.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Testing front-of-package warnings to discourage red meat consumption: a randomized experiment with US meat consumers.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021Trial
- Influence of Forming Method on Cooked Characteristics of Ground Beef Patties.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between red meat intake and diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of US adults (NHANES 2003-2016).The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Barriers and enablers to reduced meat intake and perceptions of sustainable diets, among Los Angeles County adults with low incomes: a qualitative interview study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Burden of colon and rectum cancer attributable to a diet high in red meat in the United States, 1990-2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The Role of Beef for the Lowest Cost and Adequate Provision of Bioavailable Nutrients in Modeled Diets at a Population Level in the United States.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Trends in Unprocessed Red and Processed Meat Consumption in the Mexican Population, 2006-2020.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Trends in the burden of chronic kidney disease related to high red meat intake from 1990 to 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Adherence to Dietary Recommendations for Red and Processed Meat in Poland: Insights from the 2017-2020 National Nutrition Survey.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Population attributable fraction of dietary risk factors for cancer mortality with a focus on gastrointestinal cancers in a population based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Red Meat Consumption and Hypertension: An Updated Review.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Close economic ties encourage production and trade of meat between Canada, Mexico, and the US. Understanding the patterns of red and processed meat consumption in North America may inform policies designed to reduce meat consumption and bolster environmental and public health efforts across the continent. We used nationally-representative cross-sectional survey data to analyze consumption of unprocessed red meat; processed meat; and total red and processed meat. Generalized linear models were used to separately estimate probability of consumption and adjusted mean intake. Prevalence of total meat consumers was higher in the US (73.6, 95% CI: 72.3-74.8%) than in Canada (65.6, 63.9-67.2%) or Mexico (62.7, 58.1-67.2%). Men were more likely to consume unprocessed red, processed, and total meat, and had larger estimated intakes. In Mexico, high wealth individuals were more likely to consume all three categories of meat. In the US and Canada, those with high education were less likely to consume total and processed meat. Estimated mean intake of unprocessed red, processed, and total meat did not differ across sociodemographic strata. Overall consumption of red and processed meat remains high in North America. Policies to reduce meat consumption are appropriate for all three countries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.