Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33466346›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Outbreak.

Graziella Orrù, Francesca Marzetti, Ciro Conversano, Guido Vagheggini, Mario Miccoli, Rebecca Ciacchini, Eugenia Panait, Angelo Gemignani

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
110citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
56.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

110 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Pediatric critical care capacity in Canada.Paediatrics & child health · 2025
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50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Graziella OrrùDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8769-7693
Francesca MarzettiDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4269-877X
Ciro ConversanoDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0726-3634
Guido VaghegginiWeaning and Cardio-Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Auxilium Vitae Rehabilitation Centre, 56148 Volterra, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6733-2809
Mario MiccoliDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
Rebecca CiacchiniDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4264-6884
Eugenia PanaitFondazione Volterra Ricerche ONLUS, 56148 Volterra, Italy.
Angelo GemignaniDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
University of Pisa · ITInternational Flame Research Foundation · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

(1) Background: The present study aims to assess the level of professional burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS), and to identify potential risk or protective factors among health care workers (HCWs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.; (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study, based on an online survey, collected demographic data and mental distress outcomes from 184 HCWs from 1 May 2020, to 15 June 2020, from 45 different countries. The degree of STS, perceived stress and burnout was assessed using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify potential risk and protective factors for STS; (3) Results: 184 HCWs (M = 90; Age mean: 46.45; SD: 11.02) completed the survey. A considerable proportion of HCWs had symptoms of STS (41.3%), emotional exhaustion (56.0%), and depersonalization (48.9%). The prevalence of STS was 47.5% in frontline HCWs while in HCWs working in other units it was 30.3% (

Indexed as

Burnout, ProfessionalCompassion FatiguePandemicsCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesHealth PersonnelHumansInternationalityburnoutCOVID-19health care workerssecondary traumatic stress

Identifiers

PMID33466346
PMCPMC7794988
OpenAlexW3118309521

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.