ReviewCancers2021
The Network of Cytokines in Brain Metastases.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated miR-103b in exosomes derived from brain-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cells remodels the brain pre-metastatic niche (PMN).Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Article
- The emerging roles of cerebral pericytes in brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Progression and Metastasis of Lung Cancer: Clinical Features, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Managements.MedComm · 2025Review
- Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Brain Metastasis.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Review
- Local soft niches in mechanically heterogeneous primary tumors promote brain metastasis via mechanotransduction-mediated HDAC3 activity.Science advances · 2025Article
- Breaking boundaries: role of the brain barriers in metastatic process.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Review
- B cell immunity and therapeutic opportunities in brain metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Theranostic Role of Advanced Nanotechnological Tools in Early Brain Metastases in Lung Cancer: An Updated Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Systems immunology insights into brain metastasis.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- Exposed Phosphatidylserine as a Biomarker for Clear Identification of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases in Mouse Models.Cancers · 2024Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid immunological cytokines predict intracranial tumor response to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Cellular senescence in glioma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Review
- Molecular signaling network and therapeutic developments in breast cancer brain metastasis.Advances in cancer biology - metastasis · 2023Article
- Review
- The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with intracranial metastatic disease.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Review
- Immune related biomarkers for cancer metastasis to the brain.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- Rethinking the chemokine cascade in brain metastasis: Preventive and therapeutic implications.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- MCP-1/CCR2 axis inhibition sensitizes the brain microenvironment against melanoma brain metastasis progression.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Transcription Profile and Pathway Analysis of the Endocannabinoid Receptor Inverse Agonist AM630 in the Core and Infiltrative Boundary of Human Glioblastoma Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most common of all intracranial tumors and a major cause of death in patients with cancer. Cytokines, including chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumor necrosis factors are key regulators in the formation of brain metastases. They regulate the infiltration of different cellular subsets into the tumor microenvironment and affect the therapeutic outcomes in patients. Elucidating the cancer cell-cytokine interactions in the setting of brain metastases is crucial for the development of more accurate diagnostics and efficacious therapies. In this review, we focus on cytokines that are found in the tumor microenvironment of brain metastases and elaborate on their trends of expression, regulation, and roles in cellular recruitment and tumorigenesis. We also explore how cytokines can alter the anti-tumor response in the context of brain metastases and discuss ways through which cytokine networks can be manipulated for diagnosis and treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.