Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33465821›Full record

ArticleGeriatrics & gerontology international2021

Olfactory-cognitive index distinguishes involvement of frontal lobe shrinkage, as in sarcopenia from shrinkage of medial temporal areas, and global brain, as in Kihon Checklist frailty/dependence, in older adults with progression of normal cognition to Alzheimer's disease.

Osamu Iritani, Tazuo Okuno, Takaki Miwa, Hyuma Makizako, Fumino Okutani, Tetsuo Kashibayashi, Kumiko Suzuki, Hideo Hara, Eri Mori, Shusaku Omoto and 7 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Geriatrics & gerontology international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

Osamu IritaniCenter for Comprehensive Care on Memory Disorders, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
Tazuo OkunoCenter for Comprehensive Care on Memory Disorders, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
Takaki MiwaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
Hyuma MakizakoDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9898-675X
Fumino OkutaniDepartment of Occupational Health, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.
Tetsuo KashibayashiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.
Kumiko SuzukiDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
Hideo HaraDivision of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
Eri MoriDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Shusaku OmotoDepartment of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Hirokazu SuzukiDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
Minori ShibataDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Hiroaki AdachiDepartment of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9302-4663
Kenji KondoDepartment of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yumi Umeda-KameyamaDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4353-3424
Kumie KoderaCenter for Comprehensive Care on Memory Disorders, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
Shigeto MorimotoCenter for Comprehensive Care on Memory Disorders, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-8257
Kanazawa Medical University · JPJikei University School of Medicine · JPKochi Medical School Hospital · JPSaga University · JPThe University of Tokyo · JPUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan · JPKagoshima University · JPNational Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology · JP

Funding

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 20dk0207027h0005, and Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan: 16K11219
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimOlfactory impairment as a prodromal symptom, as well as sarcopenia, frailty and dependence as geriatric syndromes, is often associated with cognitive decline in older adults with progression of Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of olfactory and cognitive decline with these geriatric syndromes, and with structural changes of the brain in older adults.

methodsThe participants were 135 older adults (47 men and 88 women, mean age 79.5 years), consisting of 64 with normal cognition, 23 with mild cognitive impairment and 48 with Alzheimer's disease. Olfactory function was evaluated by the Open Essence odor identification test. Shrinkage of the regional brain was determined by magnetic resonance imaging.

resultsLogistic regression analysis with Open Essence, Mini-Mental State Examination, age and sex as covariates showed higher olfactory-cognitive index (|coefficient for Open Essence (a) / coefficient for Mini-Mental State Examination (b)|) in participants with sarcopenia (Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia), and lower values of (|a/b|) in participants with Barthel Index dependence, Kihon Checklist frailty, Lawton Index dependence and support/care-need certification as objective variables. Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age and sex also showed significant shrinkage of the frontal lobe in participants with AWGS sarcopenia, especially in women, and shrinkage of the medial temporal areas and global brain in participants with Kihon Checklist frailty/dependence.

conclusionsOlfactory-cognitive index (|a/b|) might be a useful tool to distinguish involvement of frontal lobe shrinkage, as in sarcopenia from shrinkage of the medial temporal areas, and global brain, as in frailty/dependence, in older adults with progression of normal cognition to Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••-••.

Indexed as

ChecklistFrailtyActivities of Daily LivingAgedAged, 80 and overBrainCognitionCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFrontal LobeGeriatric AssessmentHumansJapanMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleSarcopeniaclinical medicinegeriatric medicinenervous system disordersotolaryngology and sensory organ surgery

Identifiers

PMID33465821
PMCPMC7986338
OpenAlexW3121443726

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.