Observational studyPulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics2021
Antihistamines and azithromycin as a treatment for COVID-19 on primary health care - A retrospective observational study in elderly patients.
Observational study in Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Influenza Vaccination and Treatment With ACEI and ARB in the Evolution of SARS-CoV2 Infection
Evaluation of Treatments With Antihistamines and Amantadine in the Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association between Allergic Rhinitis and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Observational
- Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic Waves and 2024-2025 Winter Season in Relation to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Amantadine.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- COVID-19 in Relation to Chronic Antihistamine Prescription.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Combination of H1 and H2 Histamine Receptor Antagonists: Current Knowledge and Perspectives of a Classic Treatment Strategy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Mast cell activation in lungs during SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with lung pathology and severe COVID-19.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Antihistamines as an early treatment for Covid-19.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Covid-19 Histamine theory: Why antihistamines should be incorporated as the basic component in Covid-19 management?Health science reports · 2023Article
- Bioequivalence studies of cetirizine tablets using the urine excretion data of healthy Ghanaian male volunteers.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Medications Associated with Lower Mortality in a SARS-CoV-2 Positive Cohort of 26,508 Veterans.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Observational
- Computational pharmacology: New avenues for COVID-19 therapeutics search and better preparedness for future pandemic crises.Biophysical chemistry · 2022Article
- Study of Different Local Treatments of Post COVID-19 Smell Dysfunction.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2022Article
- Influence of SARS-CoV-2 on airway mucus production: A review and proposed model.Veterinary pathology · 2022Review
- COVID-19 mortality and its predictors in the elderly: A systematic review.Health science reports · 2022Review
- Network Pharmacology Study to Elucidate the Key Targets of Underlying Antihistamines against COVID-19.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBetween March and April 2020, 84 elderly patients with suspected COVID-19 living in two nursing homes of Yepes, Toledo (Spain) were treated early with antihistamines (dexchlorpheniramine, cetirizine or loratadine), adding azithromycin in the 25 symptomatic cases. The outcomes are retrospectively reported. The primary endpoint is the fatality rate of COVID-19. The secondary endpoints are the hospital and ICU admission rates. Endpoints were compared with the official Spanish rates for the elderly. The mean age of our population was 85 and 48% were over 80 years old. No hospital admissions, deaths, nor adverse drug effects were reported in our patient population. By the end of June, 100% of the residents had positive serology for COVID-19. Although clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of both drugs in the treatment of COVID-19, this analysis suggests that primary care diagnosis and treatment with antihistamines, plus azithromycin in selected cases, may treat COVID-19 and prevent progression to severe disease in elderly patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.