ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Enhanced biofilm and extracellular matrix production by chronic carriage versus acute isolates of Salmonella Typhi.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Analysis of Multidrug Resistance and Virulence in Interconnected Clinical and Environmental Salmonella Strains from Karachi, Pakistan.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Transmission dynamics of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 in households-a one health prospective cohort study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The epidemiology and impact of persistentEClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Fecal Shedding, Antimicrobial Resistance andInternational journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Early host immune responses in a human organoid-derived gallbladder monolayer toFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Multiple biological characteristics and functions of intestinal biofilm extracellular polymers: friend or foe?Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Human Salmonellosis: A Continuous Global Threat in the Farm-to-Fork Food Safety Continuum.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Bacterial Biofilms Utilize an Underlying Extracellular DNA Matrix Structure That Can Be Targeted for Biofilm Resolution.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Crumbling the Castle: Targeting DNABII Proteins for Collapsing Bacterial Biofilms as a Therapeutic Approach to Treat Disease and Combat Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Correction: Enhanced biofilm and extracellular matrix production by chronic carriage versus acute isolates of Salmonella Typhi.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonella Typhi is the primary causative agent of typhoid fever; an acute systemic infection that leads to chronic carriage in 3-5% of individuals. Chronic carriers are asymptomatic, difficult to treat and serve as reservoirs for typhoid outbreaks. Understanding the factors that contribute to chronic carriage is key to development of novel therapies to effectively resolve typhoid fever. Herein, although we observed no distinct clustering of chronic carriage isolates via phylogenetic analysis, we demonstrated that chronic isolates were phenotypically distinct from acute infection isolates. Chronic carriage isolates formed significantly thicker biofilms with greater biomass that correlated with significantly higher relative levels of extracellular DNA (eDNA) and DNABII proteins than biofilms formed by acute infection isolates. Importantly, extracellular DNABII proteins include integration host factor (IHF) and histone-like protein (HU) that are critical to the structural integrity of bacterial biofilms. In this study, we demonstrated that the biofilm formed by a chronic carriage isolate in vitro, was susceptible to disruption by a specific antibody against DNABII proteins, a successful first step in the development of a therapeutic to resolve chronic carriage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.