ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021
Overweight/obesity in young adulthood interacts with aspects of EBV infection in MS etiology.
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07207148 (People With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Ocrelizumab and GLP-1 Agonists), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
People With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Ocrelizumab and GLP-1 Agonists
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Multiple Sclerosis: A Topical Narrative Review.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Review
- Integrating Genetics and Environment to Find Causal Mechanisms for Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus infection and vitamin D deficiency are both "causal" for multiple sclerosis (MS) - could the common denominator be their effects on hepcidin levels?Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Childhood allostatic load predicts cardiometabolic health in adulthood.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis patients taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonists: a single-institution retrospective cohort study of tolerability and weight loss.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Should We Consider Neurodegeneration by Itself or in a Triangulation with Neuroinflammation and Demyelination? The Example of Multiple Sclerosis and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: A Convoluted Interaction and the Opportunity to Unravel Predictive Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in the context of Epstein-Barr virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Factors associated with depressive mood at the onset of multiple sclerosis - an analysis of 781 patients of the German NationMS cohort.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Article
- The Causal Effect of Obesity on the Risk of 15 Autoimmune Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Obesity facts · 2023Article
- Neurological Disease-Affected Patients, including Multiple Sclerosis, Are Poor Responders to BKPyV, a Human Polyomavirus.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Genetic, Environmental and Lifestyle Determinants of Accelerated Telomere Attrition as Contributors to Risk and Severity of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveBecause obesity affects the cellular immune response to infections, we aimed to investigate whether high body mass index (BMI) in young adulthood and high Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) antibody levels interact with regard to MS risk. We also aimed at exploring potential 3-way interactions between BMI at age 20 years, aspects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (high EBNA-1 antibody levels and infectious mononucleosis [IM] history, respectively) and the human leukocyte antigen
methodsUsing Swedish population-based case-control studies (5,460 cases and 7,275 controls), we assessed MS risk in relation to interactions between overweight/obesity at age 20 years, IM history, EBNA-1 levels, and
resultsOverweight/obesity, compared with normal weight, interacted significantly with high (>50th percentile) EBNA-1 antibody levels (attributable proportion due to interaction 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.4). The strength of the interaction increased with higher category of EBNA-1 antibody levels. Furthermore, 3-way interactions were present between
conclusionsWith regard to MS risk, overweight/obesity in young adulthood acts synergistically with both aspects of EBV infection, predominantly among those with a genetic susceptibility to the disease. The obese state both induces a chronic immune-mediated inflammation and affects the cellular immune response to infections, which may contribute to explain our findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.