ReviewPhysiological research2020
Testosterone and the brain: from cognition to autism.
Review in Physiological research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gene × sex interactions on cognition in the Philadelphia neurodevelopmental cohort.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Characterization of GiantResearch (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Exploring sex hormones as potential prognostic biomarkers in prolonged disorders of consciousness: a sex-specific retrospective study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- The role of neuroactive steroids in psychiatric and neurological disorders: Neurobiology and therapeutic perspectives.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Neuroactive steroids in the programming of neurodevelopment: implications of maternal obesity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Prenatal Androgen Exposure and Traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Offspring: Odense Child Cohort.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
- Prenatal Sex Hormone Exposure Is Associated with the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- NMR-Based Metabolomics of Rat Hippocampus, Serum, and Urine in Two Models of Autism.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Phosphene Attributes Depend on Frequency and Intensity of Retinal tACS.Physiological research · 2022Article
- Drug repurposing candidates to treat core symptoms in autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Alternations in the Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation and Growth Factors in Autism.Physiological research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex and gender matter in all aspects of life. Humans exhibit sexual dimorphism in anatomy, physiology, but also pathology. Many of the differences are due to sex chromosomes and, thus, genetics, other due to endocrine factors such as sex hormones, some are of social origin. Over the past decades, huge number of scientific studies have revealed striking sex differences of the human brain with remarkable behavioral and cognitive consequences. Prenatal and postnatal testosterone influence brain structures and functions, respectively. Cognitive sex differences include especially certain spatial and language tasks, but they also affect many other aspects of the neurotypical brain. Sex differences of the brain are also relevant for the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, which are much more prevalent in the male population. Structural dimorphism in the human brain was well-described, but recent controversies now question its importance. On the other hand, solid evidence exists regarding gender differences in several brain functions. This review tries to summarize the current understanding of the complexity of the effects of testosterone on brain with special focus on their role in the known sex differences in healthy individuals and people in the autism spectrum.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.