Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33464780›Full record

ArticleJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN2021

The role of anthranilic acid in the increase of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder during treatment for hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-α2a and oral ribavirin.

Tomasz Pawlowski, Dariusz Pawlak, Malgorzata Inglot, Malgorzata Zalewska, Dominik Marciniak, Jolanta Bugajska, Justyna Janocha-Litwin, Krzysztof Malyszczak

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Article in Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Stir-bakedFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
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  13. Anthranilic Acid, a GPR109A Agonist, and Schizophrenia.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Tomasz PawlowskiFrom the Division of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Pawlowski, Malyszczak); the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (Pawlak); the Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiency, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Inglot, Zalewska); the Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Marciniak); the Clinical Biochemistry Department, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland (Bugajska); and the Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Janocha-Litwin).
Dariusz PawlakFrom the Division of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Pawlowski, Malyszczak); the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (Pawlak); the Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiency, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Inglot, Zalewska); the Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Marciniak); the Clinical Biochemistry Department, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland (Bugajska); and the Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Janocha-Litwin).
Malgorzata InglotFrom the Division of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Pawlowski, Malyszczak); the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (Pawlak); the Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiency, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Inglot, Zalewska); the Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Marciniak); the Clinical Biochemistry Department, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland (Bugajska); and the Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Janocha-Litwin).
Malgorzata ZalewskaFrom the Division of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Pawlowski, Malyszczak); the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (Pawlak); the Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiency, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Inglot, Zalewska); the Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Marciniak); the Clinical Biochemistry Department, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland (Bugajska); and the Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Janocha-Litwin).
Dominik MarciniakFrom the Division of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Pawlowski, Malyszczak); the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (Pawlak); the Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiency, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Inglot, Zalewska); the Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Marciniak); the Clinical Biochemistry Department, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland (Bugajska); and the Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Janocha-Litwin).
Jolanta BugajskaFrom the Division of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Pawlowski, Malyszczak); the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (Pawlak); the Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiency, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Inglot, Zalewska); the Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Marciniak); the Clinical Biochemistry Department, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland (Bugajska); and the Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Janocha-Litwin).
Justyna Janocha-LitwinFrom the Division of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Pawlowski, Malyszczak); the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (Pawlak); the Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiency, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Inglot, Zalewska); the Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Marciniak); the Clinical Biochemistry Department, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland (Bugajska); and the Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Janocha-Litwin).
Krzysztof MalyszczakFrom the Division of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Pawlowski, Malyszczak); the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (Pawlak); the Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiency, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Inglot, Zalewska); the Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Marciniak); the Clinical Biochemistry Department, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland (Bugajska); and the Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Janocha-Litwin).
Jagiellonian University · PLMedical University of Białystok · PLWroclaw Medical University · PL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway is considered the link between the immune and endocrine systems. Dysregulation of serotonergic transmission can stem from the direct influence of interferon-α on the activity of serotonergic receptors 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A, and from its indirect effect on tryptophan metabolism. Induction of the kynurenine pathway increases the concentration of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites, and the activity of kynurenine derivatives is linked to the onset of depression. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationships between depressive symptoms and kynurenine, tryptophan, anthranilic acid and kynurenic acid concentrations, indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and tryptophan availability to the brain. Methods: The study followed a prospective longitudinal cohort design. We evaluated 101 patients with chronic hepatitis C who were treated with pegylated interferon-α2a, and 40 controls who were awaiting treatment. We evaluated the relationships between total score on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and kynurenine, tryptophan, anthranilic acid and kynurenic acid concentrations, IDO activity and tryptophan availability to the brain. A logistic regression model was adapted for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder at each time point, taking into account changes in parameters of the kynurenine pathway between a given time point and the baseline measurement. Results: Of the treated patients, 44% fulfilled the criteria for major depressive disorder at least once during the 24 weeks of treatment. Anthranilic acid concentrations were significantly increased compared to baseline for all time points except week 2. Tryptophan availability showed a significant decrease (β = -0.09, p = 0.01) only in week 12 of treatment. Over time, kynurenine, tryptophan and anthranilic acid concentrations, as well as IDO activity and tryptophan availability to the brain, were significantly associated with total score on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. A logistic regression model revealed that participants with decreased tryptophan availability to the brain at 12 weeks of treatment and participants with increased anthranilic acid concentrations at week 24 of treatment were at increased risk for diagnosis of major depressive disorder (odds ratios 2.92 and 3.59, respectively). Limitations: This study had an open-label design in a population receiving naturalistic treatment. Conclusion: The present study provides the first direct evidence of the role of anthranilic acid in the pathogenesis of inflammation-induced major depressive disorder during treatment for hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-α2a.

Indexed as

DepressionMajor Depressive DisorderAdultAntiviral AgentsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHepatitis C, ChronicHumansImmunologic FactorsIndoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-DioxygenaseInterferon-alphaKynurenic AcidKynurenineLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle Agedanthranilic acidAntiviral AgentsImmunologic FactorsIndoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-DioxygenaseInterferon-alphaKynurenic AcidKynurenineortho-Aminobenzoatespeginterferon alfa-2aPolyethylene GlycolsRecombinant ProteinsRibavirinTryptophan

Identifiers

PMID33464780
PMCPMC7955854
OpenAlexW3123387007

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.