ArticleJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2021
Metacognition in adult ADHD: subjective and objective perspectives on self-awareness of cognitive functioning.
Article in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short-term and long-term effect of non-pharmacotherapy for adults with ADHD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Mental Health and Coping in Women With ADHD During the Pandemic.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Metacognitive Ratings on Cognitive Tasks: Task Difficulty and Effort Rating Differences in Children With ADHD and Neurotypical Children.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Bouncing back: Transient, but not long-lasting, effects of background disturbances on speech processing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Novel dopamine 4 receptor ligands differentially ameliorate ADHD-like behaviors in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Associations of Anxiety and Depression and Hypomanic Traits with Self-Informant Discrepancies in Adults First Diagnosed with ADHD in Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Metacognition and cognitive dysfunction in post-COVID condition.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Cognitive Impairment in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Implications and Novel Treatment Strategies.Clinics and practice · 2025Review
- Training of Awareness in ADHD: Leveraging Metacognition.Journal of psychiatry and brain science · 2024Article
- Self-report versus performance based executive functioning in people with psychotic disorders.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2023Article
- Cognitive Underperformance in a Mixed Neuropsychiatric Sample at Diagnostic Evaluation of Adult ADHD.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The effect of methylphenidate on pain perception thresholds in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2023Article
- Gaze-based attention refocusing training in virtual reality for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Alpha modulation via transcranial alternating current stimulation in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Post-Approval Research in Drug Development: Priorities and Practices.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Review
- A systematic review of actions aimed at university students with ADHD.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Weight Management for Students with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Neurocognition and Metacognition in Anxiety Disorders.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2022Article
- Metacognition, cortical thickness, and tauopathy in aging.Neurobiology of aging · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood is associated with marked cognitive impairment, research on metacognition in adult ADHD is scarce. Deficits in metacognition may have a negative impact on treatment adherence, functional outcomes, and everyday life. This study explores metacognition, specifically self-awareness of cognitive performance, in adults with ADHD by combining objective and subjective assessments. Forty-seven patients with ADHD and 47 control individuals completed a neuropsychological assessment battery including tests for attention, executive functions and memory (objective assessment), as well as questionnaires for cognitive functioning and symptom severity (subjective assessment; self- and informant-report). Participants evaluated their test performance of the objective assessment after test completion by selecting a percentile rank which was subtracted from their normed test result, yielding a discrepancy score. Compared to controls, adults with ADHD showed impairments in attention (medium effects) and memory (small and medium effects), but not in executive functions. The discrepancy scores between self-evaluation and cognitive performance revealed deficits in self-awareness of attentional functions (small effects), but not in executive functions and memory in patients with ADHD compared to controls. Discrepancy scores between self- and informant-reports of cognitive functioning revealed no significant differences. Adults with ADHD show impairments in metacognition in attentional functions, but may have intact metacognitive abilities in other domains. Patients with ADHD tend to overestimate their abilities, especially in attentional functions. Subjective and objective measures of metacognition may not correspond, highlighting the need for clinicians to not solely rely on patients' self-report in their assessment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.