ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2021
A comparison of clinical outcomes in PPMS in the INFORMS original trial data set.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measuring cognitive change in secondary progressive MS: an analysis of the ASCEND cognition substudy.Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of neurotrophic factor secreting mesenchymal stem cells in progressive multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Trial
- The timed 25-foot walk is a more sensitive outcome measure than the EDSS for PPMS trials: an analysis of the PROMISE clinical trial dataset.Journal of neurology · 2022Trial
- Comparison of the EDSS, Timed 25-Foot Walk, and the 9-Hole Peg Test as Clinical Trial Outcomes in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2021Trial
- [XVIII Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: Review of the New Developments Presented at the 2025 ECTRIMS Congress (Part II)].Revista de neurologia · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe expanded disability status scale (EDSS) is the standard clinical outcome measure in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), even though the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), nine-hole peg test (NHPT) or combinations of these measures may be more useful. The paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) is a widely used cognitive measure in MS, but little is known about change in PASAT scores over time in PPMS.
objectiveThe objective of this study is to compare clinical outcome measures in a large PPMS trial data set.
methodsWe determined significant worsening events on the EDSS, T25FW and NHPT, and PASAT scores over the course of this 3-year trial. We compared unconfirmed, confirmed and sustained disability worsening and contrasted disability worsening with similarly defined improvement. We examined the association of baseline characteristics with the risk of disability worsening at 12, 24 and 36 months with logistic regression models.
resultsThe EDSS and T25FW showed most worsening events, while only few patients worsened on the NHPT. Adding the NHPT to a combined outcome added only few further worsening events. PASAT scores slightly increased over time, possibly due to a practice effect.
conclusionBoth the EDSS and T25FW, but not NHPT or PASAT, appear to be useful outcome measures in PPMS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.