ArticlePhysiological reports2021
Adaptive response triggered by the repeated SCUBA diving is reflected in cardiovascular, muscular, and immune biomarkers.
Article in Physiological reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imbalanced cortisol/BDNF signals and oxidative stress underscore temporary cognitive impairment in deep divers after in water/surface decompression: proof of concept.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Return to an extreme environment exposure after pulmonary infection: SCUBA diving as a model?Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Profiling of Individuals Sustaining Extreme Physical Stressors.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Post-exercise creatine kinase variability: a literature review.Biochemia medica · 2025Review
- Eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation in conjunction with high-altitude decompression in adults.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Decompression Illness After Technical Diving Session in Mediterranean Sea: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and HBO Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Laboratory medicine and sports: where are we now?Biochemia medica · 2024Review
- Effects of recreational SCUBA diving practiced once a week on neurohormonal response and myokines-mediated communication between muscles and the brain.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Changes in Specific Biomarkers Indicate Cardiac Adaptive and Anti-inflammatory Response of Repeated Recreational SCUBA Diving.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Adaptive response triggered by the repeated SCUBA diving is reflected in cardiovascular, muscular, and immune biomarkers.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been shown that one recreational SCUBA (rSCUBA) diving session is sufficient to cause changes in plasma level of cardiovascular (CV) and muscular biomarkers. To explore whether repetitive rSCUBA diving triggers an adaptive response of the CV, muscular, and immune system, we measured the cardiac damage (NT-proBNP, hs-TnI, and CK-MB), muscle damage (myoglobin (Mb), galectin-3, CK, and LDH), vascular endothelial activation (ET-1 and VEGF), and inflammatory (leukocyte count (Lkc), CRP, and IL-6) biomarkers. A longitudinal intervention study included divers (N = 14) who conducted one dive per week over 5 weeks at the depth of 20-30 m for 30 min after a non-dive period of 5 months. The blood samples were collected before and after the first, third, and fifth dives and specific biomarkers were measured in plasma or serum by the standard laboratory methods. The concentrations of the majority of measured biomarkers increased after every single dive; the exception was ET-1 concentration that decreased. The cumulative effect of five dives has been reflected in diminishing changes in hs-TnI, Mb, galectin-3, ET-1, VEGF, and IL-6 levels, and more pronounced increases in NT-proBNP and hs-CRP levels. The median values of all measured biomarkers in all time points, except Mb, remained within the corresponding reference range. Repeatedly performed rSCUBA diving activates an adaptive response of the CV, muscular, and immune system that is reflected in changes in the specific biomarker concentration.
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