ArticleClinical and translational medicine2021
Prognostic value of early leukocyte fluctuations for recovery from traumatic spinal cord injury.
Article in Clinical and translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Status of Individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Enhanced MIF/CD74 axis activity shapes B cell functioning following traumatic spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting 7-Day Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- T-cell biomarkers improve urinary tract infection risk stratification beyond clinical characteristics after acute traumatic spinal cord injury.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- An interpretable machine learning model integrating early immune biomarkers for predicting outcomes after spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent effects of peptidylarginine deiminases on neutrophil function and long-term outcomes after spinal cord injury.Experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Recombinant human DNase treatment mitigates extracellular trap mediated damage and improves long-term recovery after spinal cord injury in male mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Modeling trajectories of routine blood tests as dynamic biomarkers for outcome in spinal cord injury.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the Landscape of Biomarkers in Spinal Cord Injury.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2025Review
- MRI variables and peripheral inflammatory response biomarkers predict severity and prognosis in patients with acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Untargeted blood serum proteomics identifies novel proteins related to neurological recovery after human spinal cord injury.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals peripheral blood leukocyte responses to spinal cord injury in mice with humanised immune systems.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Prognostic value of the systemic inflammatory index (SII) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2024Article
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at admission for early diagnosis, severity assessment, and prognosis of acute traumatic spinal cord injury.Spinal cord · 2024Article
- Peripheral immune reactions following human traumatic spinal cord injury: the interplay of immune activation and suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- System failure: Systemic inflammation following spinal cord injury.European journal of immunology · 2024Review
- Profiling Immunological Phenotypes in Individuals During the First Year After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Analysis.Journal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- The spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome: results of the SCIentinel study.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAcute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a systemic immune response involving circulating white blood cells (WBCs). How this response is influenced by overall trauma severity, the neurological level of injury and/or correlates with patient outcomes is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify relationships between early changes in circulating WBCs, injury characteristics and long-term patient outcomes in individuals with traumatic SCI.
methodsWe retrospectively analysed data from 161 SCI patients admitted to Brisbane's Princess Alexandra Hospital (exploration cohort). Logistic regression models in conjunction with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to assess the strength of specific links between the WBC response, respiratory infection incidence and neurological outcomes (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade conversion). An independent validation cohort from the Trauma Hospital Berlin, Germany (n = 49) was then probed to assess the robustness of effects and disentangle centre effects.
resultsWe find that the extent of acute neutrophilia in human SCI patients is positively correlated with New Injury Severity Scores but inversely with the neurological outcome (AIS grade). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that acute SCI-induced neutrophilia is an independent predictor of AIS grade conversion failure, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.16 and ROC area under curve (AUC) of 0.82 (P < 0.0001). SCI-induced lymphopenia was separately identified as an independent predictor of better recovery (OR = 24.15; ROC AUC = 0.85, P < 0.0001). Acute neutrophilia and increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios were otherwise significantly associated with respiratory infection presentation in both patient cohorts.
conclusionsOur findings demonstrate the prognostic value of modelling early circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte counts with patient characteristics for predicting the longer term recovery after SCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.