ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Bone Mineral Density, and Fracture: A Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anabolic-steroid therapy after geriatric proximal femur fracture: a level I evidence systematic review and meta-analysis of bone density, functional recovery, and safety.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Pooled it
- Dairy Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular and Bone Health Outcomes in Adults: An Umbrella Review and Updated Meta-Analyses.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalent osteoporosis and fracture risk in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization and clinical trial evidence supports TYK2 inhibition as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.EBioMedicine · 2023Pooled it
- Glucose metabolism in osteoporosis: A potential therapeutic target (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Causal relationship between aging-related biomarkers and osteoporosis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- International multisite implementation of distributed cell-free protein biomanufacturing to advance health and research equity.Science advances · 2026Article
- A soft diet attenuates exercise-induced increases in cortical bone density and formation in long bones in growing mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- [Liver-bone axis: novel mechanisms and strategies for MAFLD regulation].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Somatotropic axis drives bone turnover heterogeneity independently of gonadotropin synergy in girls with central precocious puberty.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Physical Activity, Exerkines, and Their Role in Cancer Cachexia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hip Fracture as a Systemic Disease in Older Adults: A Narrative Review on Multisystem Implications and Management.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Triglycerides-Total Cholesterol-Body Weight Index, bone metabolism indicators and bone mineral density in Chinese children: a mediation analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2025Observational
- Association of visceral fat metabolic score with bone mineral density and osteoporosis: a NHANES cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Research progress of diabetic osteoporosis: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- The Association Between Nutritional Risk and Bone Stiffness in Elderly Men and Women in a Population-Based Study in Northeast Germany.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Review
- Bone Loss in Diabetes Mellitus: Diaporosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Insufficient Bone Mineralization to Sustain Mechanical Load of Weight in Obese Boys: A Cross-Sectional Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Association of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 with Bone Mineral Density in Survivors of Childhood Acute Leukemia.Cancers · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextThe associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels with bone mineral density and fracture risk are inconclusive in observational studies.
objectiveWe conducted a mendelian randomization study to assess the associations of serum IGF-1 levels with estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) and fracture.
methodsGenetic instruments for IGF-1 were selected at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8) from a genome-wide association study including 358 072 individuals of European ancestry. Summary-level data for eBMD (426 824 individuals) and fracture (53 184 fracture cases and 373 611 noncases) were obtained from the UK Biobank study. Univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization analyses methods were used to estimate the associations of IGF-1 with eBMD and fracture. The main outcome measure included the change of eBMD and odds ratio of fracture per genetically predicted 1-SD increase of serum IGF-1 levels.
resultsFor 1-SD increase in IGF-1, the change of eBMD levels was 0.04 g/cm2 (95% CI, 0.01-0.07; P = .011) and the odds ratio of fracture was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98; P = .003). The associations persisted with similar magnitude after adjustment for height. The association was consistent for fracture but not for eBMD after excluding genetic instruments that might directly influence these outcomes. The association between IGF-1 and fracture was somewhat attenuated after adjustment for eBMD (odds ratio 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99; P = .012).
conclusionThe present study supports a role for IGF-1 in preventing fracture, possibly and partly mediated by greater bone mineral density.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.