ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Waning Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults, 2015-2016 to 2018-2019, United States Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2025-26 Influenza Season.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2025Guideline
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2024-25 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2024Guideline
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022-23 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2022Guideline
- Intraseasonal waning of influenza vaccine effectiveness and implications for the optimal timing of seasonal vaccination programs: A scoping review.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- The Decline in Influenza Antibody Titers and Modifiers of Vaccine Immunity from over Ten Years of Serological Data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Age-dependent immune landscapes affect influenza vaccine effectiveness and guide precision strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Age-related changes in the immune system and challenges for the development of age-specific vaccines.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B-Associated Hospitalizations, United States, 1 September 2023 to 31 May 2024.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalizations and Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters for Children, Adolescents, and Adults During the 2023-2024 Season, United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Seasonality of Influenza and Optimizing Timing of Vaccination: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2025Review
- Increasing child vaccination coverage can reduce influenza cases across age groups: An agent-based modeling study.The Journal of infection · 2025Article
- Influenza Vaccination, Household Composition, and Race-Based Differences in Influenza Incidence: An Agent-Based Modeling Study.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Sociodemographic disparities in influenza vaccination among older adults in United States.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Reduced Effectiveness of Repeat Influenza Vaccination: Distinguishing Among Within-Season Waning, Recent Clinical Infection, and Subclinical Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A-Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022-2023.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Article
- Reduced effectiveness of repeat influenza vaccination: distinguishing among within-season waning, recent clinical infection, and subclinical infection.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of Enhanced Influenza Vaccines Against Mismatched Influenza Strains in Older Adults: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Review
- Structural Sexism and Preventive Health Care Use in the United States.Journal of health and social behavior · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We observed decreased effectiveness of influenza vaccine with increasing time since vaccination for prevention of influenza A(H3N2), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and influenza B/Yamagata-associated hospitalizations among adults. Maximum vaccine effectiveness (VE) was observed shortly after vaccination, followed by an absolute decline in VE of about 8%-9% per month postvaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.