ArticleNature protocols2021
Precision genome editing using cytosine and adenine base editors in mammalian cells.
Article in Nature protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 119 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translating base editors: a decade of progress from the bench to the clinic.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- A CS•CBE System Targeting β‑Catenin: Exploring Additional Inhibition Targets for Colon Cancer Proliferation.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Rational selection of SpCas9 and variant-derived adenine base editors for human genome editing.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- Compound delivery of eVLPs enhances prime editing for targeted genome engineering and high-throughput screening.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Article
- Targeted mutagenesis and base editing using engineeredPlant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Adenine base editor for knockout of proteins: A practical guide from design to analysis with updated MultiEditRbatch.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Prime editing in neuropsychiatric disorders: From mutation-specific target selection to clinical translation.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
- Long-term restoration of auditory function in a DFNA2 mouse model by adenine base editing.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond resistance: Emerging methods to dissect drug responses in Leishmania.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- PrEditR: A protein-centric platform for CRISPR-mediated base editor sgRNA design.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Chemiluminescent Deoxyribozyme Sensors for DNA-Editing Enzymes.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Treatment of a severe vascular disease using a bespoke CRISPR-Cas9 base editor in mice.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Multiplexed CRISPR base editing enables pulse-activated irreversible biocontainment of engineered bacteria.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- DNA and RNA editing for the therapy of human diseases: current status, challenges, and future prospects.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Precision A3G base editors for disease modeling and correction.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Harnessing artificial intelligence to advance CRISPR-based genome editing technologies.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- CRISPR-GPT for agentic automation of gene-editing experiments.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Sensitive and unbiased genome-wide profiling of base-editor-induced off-target activity using CHANGE-seq-BE.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Genome editing has transformed the life sciences and has exciting prospects for use in treating genetic diseases. Our laboratory developed base editing to enable precise and efficient genome editing while minimizing undesired byproducts and toxicity associated with double-stranded DNA breaks. Adenine and cytosine base editors mediate targeted A•T-to-G•C or C•G-to-T•A base pair changes, respectively, which can theoretically address most human disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Current base editors can achieve high editing efficiencies-for example, approaching 100% in cultured mammalian cells or 70% in adult mouse neurons in vivo. Since their initial description, a large set of base editor variants have been developed with different on-target and off-target editing characteristics. Here, we describe a protocol for using base editing in cultured mammalian cells. We provide guidelines for choosing target sites, appropriate base editor variants and delivery strategies to best suit a desired application. We further describe standard base-editing experiments in HEK293T cells, along with computational analysis of base-editing outcomes using CRISPResso2. Beginning with target DNA site selection, base-editing experiments in mammalian cells can typically be completed within 1-3 weeks and require only standard molecular biology techniques and readily available plasmid constructs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.