ArticleTranslational psychiatry2021
Synaptic processes and immune-related pathways implicated in Tourette syndrome.
Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-Wide Association Study Points to Novel Locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome.Biological psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Polygenic risk score-based phenome-wide association study identifies novel associations for Tourette syndrome.Translational psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Tourette syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Altered neurodevelopmental trajectories of brain structure in Tourette syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical Profile and Plasma Vitamin B6 Levels in Children with Tourette Syndrome: A Case-control Study.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Comparing the Metabolic Profile of Patients Affected by Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome PANS and Tourette Syndrome: Preliminary Data.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Volatile oil fromNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Tic disorders and allergic diseases: mechanistic links and the impact of allergy management - a narrative review.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Investigating the pharmaceutical substances and action mechanisms of Changmaxifeng granules against tic disorders.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Immune/Inflammatory Underpinnings of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Interneuron Loss and Microglia Activation by Transcriptome Analyses in the Basal Ganglia of Tourette Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- MCP-1 Is Elevated in the Cerebral Fluid of Children With Tourette Syndrome: Case Series and Literature Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- Clonidine Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in the Rat Model of Tourette Syndrome.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation and pathways that contribute to tourette syndrome.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Unpacking Tourette Syndrome in Children: Insights into Prevalence and Comorbidities from NSCH Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Structural Variants and Implicated Processes Associated with Familial Tourette Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A review of common influencing factors and possible mechanisms associated with allergic diseases complicating tic disorders in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Discovery of key biomarkers in tourette syndrome by network pharmacology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- From urges to tics in children with Tourette syndrome: associations with supplementary motor area GABA and right motor cortex physiology.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Tourette syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment.The Lancet. Neurology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
220 authors at 20 institutions in 15 countries.
Fotis TsetsosDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-5521-846X
Dongmei YuPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Jae Hoon SulSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Alden Y HuangSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Cornelia IllmannPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Lisa OsieckiPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Sabrina M DarrowDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Matthew E HirschtrittDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Erica GreenbergDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4127-7941
Kirsten R Muller-VahlClinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7181-7419
Manfred StuhrmannInstitute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Yves DionMcGill University Health Center, University of Montreal, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5446-8213
Guy A RouleauMontreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8403-1418
Harald AschauerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-4449-372X
Mara StamenkovicDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Monika SchlögelhoferBiopsychosocial Corporation, Vienna, Austria.
Paul SandorUniversity Health Network, Youthdale Treatment Centres, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Cathy L BarrKrembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Marco A GradosJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Harvey S SingerJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Markus M NöthenInstitute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany.
Johannes HebebrandDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Anke HinneyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Robert A KingYale Child Study Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Thomas V FernandezYale Child Study Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0830-022X
Csaba BartaInstitute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-4350-8838
Zsanett TarnokVadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
Peter NagyVadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
Christel DepienneInstitute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7212-9554
Yulia WorbeSorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
Andreas HartmannSorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
Cathy L BudmanZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
Renata RizzoChild Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Gholson J LyonJervis Clinic, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR), Staten Island, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5869-0716
William M McMahonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
James R BattersonChildren's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Danielle C CathDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen and Rijksuniversity Groningen, and Drenthe Mental Health Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Irene A MalatyDepartment of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6914-9223
Michael S OkunDepartment of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6247-9358
Cheston BerlinPennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Douglas W WoodsMarquette University and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Paul C LeeTripler Army Medical Center and University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Joseph JankovicParkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Mary M RobertsonDivision of Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
Donald L GilbertDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA.
Lawrence W BrownChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Barbara J CoffeyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Andrea DietrichDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Pieter J HoekstraDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Samuel KupermanUniversity of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Samuel H ZinnerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Michael WagnerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2589-6440
James A KnowlesSUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
A Jeremy WillseyInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jay A TischfieldDepartment of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Gary A HeimanDepartment of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5859-0259
Nancy J CoxDivision of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Nelson B FreimerSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3586-6587
Benjamin M NealePsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1513-6077
Lea K DavisDivision of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5143-2282
Giovanni CoppolaSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2105-1061
Carol A MathewsDepartment of Psychiatry, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Jeremiah M ScharfPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Peristera PaschouDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. ppaschou@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-9783-1024
Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics
Cathy L BarrKrembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
James R BattersonChildren's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Cheston BerlinPennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Cathy L BudmanZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
Danielle C CathDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen and Rijksuniversity Groningen, and Drenthe Mental Health Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Giovanni CoppolaSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Nancy J CoxDivision of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Sabrina DarrowDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lea K DavisDivision of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Yves DionMcGill University Health Center, University of Montreal, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
Nelson B FreimerSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Marco A GradosJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Erica GreenbergDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Matthew E HirschtrittDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Alden Y HuangSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Cornelia IllmannPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Robert A KingYale Child Study Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Roger KurlanAtlantic Neuroscience Institute, Overlook Hospital, Summit, NJ, USA.
James F LeckmanYale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Gholson J LyonJervis Clinic, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR), Staten Island, NY, USA.
Irene A MalatyDepartment of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Carol A MathewsDepartment of Psychiatry, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
William M McMahonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Benjamin M NealePsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Michael S OkunDepartment of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Lisa OsieckiPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Mary M RobertsonDivision of Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
Guy A RouleauMontreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Paul SandorUniversity Health Network, Youthdale Treatment Centres, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Jeremiah M ScharfPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Harvey S SingerJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jan H SmitDepartment of Psychiatry, VU UniversityMedical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jae Hoon SulSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Dongmei YuPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Gilles de la Tourette GWAS Replication Initiative
Harald Aschauer Harald AschauerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Csaba BartaInstitute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Cathy L BudmanZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
Danielle C CathDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen and Rijksuniversity Groningen, and Drenthe Mental Health Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Christel DepienneInstitute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Andreas HartmannSorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
Johannes HebebrandDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Anastasios KonstantinidisDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Carol A MathewsDepartment of Psychiatry, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Kirsten Müller-VahlClinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Peter NagyVadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
Markus M NöthenInstitute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany.
Peristera PaschouDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Renata RizzoChild Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Guy A RouleauMontreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Paul SandorUniversity Health Network, Youthdale Treatment Centres, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Jeremiah M ScharfPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Monika SchlögelhoferBiopsychosocial Corporation, Vienna, Austria.
Mara StamenkovicDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Manfred StuhrmannInstitute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Fotis TsetsosDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Zsanett TarnokVadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
Tomasz WolanczykDepartment of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-001, Warsaw, Poland.
Yulia WorbeSorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
Tourette International Collaborative Genetics Study
Lawrence BrownChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Keun-Ah CheonYonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Yoo & Kim Mental Health Clinic, Seoul, South Korea.
Barbara J CoffeyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Andrea DietrichDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Thomas V FernandezYale Child Study Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Blanca Garcia-DelgarDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain.
Donald GilbertDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA.
Dorothy E GriceDepartment of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Julie HagstrømChild and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Tammy HedderlyTic and Neurodevelopmental Movements Service (TANDeM), Evelina Children's Hospital, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Gary A HeimanDepartment of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Isobel HeymanUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Pieter J HoekstraDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Chaim HuyserDe Bascule, Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Young Key KimYonsei Bom Clinic, Seoul, South Korea.
Young-Shin KimDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Robert A KingYale Child Study Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Yun-Joo KohThe Korea Institute for Children's Social Development, Rudolph Child Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Sodahm KookKangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
Samuel KupermanUniversity of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Bennett L LeventhalDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Marcos Madruga-GarridoSección de Neuropediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
Pablo MirHospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
Astrid MorerDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain.
Alexander MünchauInstitute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Kerstin J PlessenChild and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Veit RoessnerDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Eun-Young ShinYonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Yoo & Kim Mental Health Clinic, Seoul, South Korea.
Dong-Ho SongYonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Yoo & Kim Mental Health Clinic, Seoul, South Korea.
Jungeun SongNational Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-Si, South Korea.
Jay A TischfieldDepartment of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
A Jeremy WillseyInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Samuel ZinnerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Tourette Syndrome Working Group
Harald AschauerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Cathy L BarrKrembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Csaba BartaInstitute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
James R BattersonChildren's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Cheston BerlinPennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Lawrence BrownChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Cathy L BudmanZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
Danielle C CathDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen and Rijksuniversity Groningen, and Drenthe Mental Health Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Barbara J CoffeyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Giovanni CoppolaSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Nancy J CoxDivision of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Sabrina DarrowDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lea K DavisDivision of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Christel DepienneInstitute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Andrea DietrichDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Yves DionMcGill University Health Center, University of Montreal, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
Thomas FernandezYale Child Study Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Nelson B FreimerSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Donald GilbertDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA.
Marco A GradosJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Erica GreenbergDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Andreas HartmannSorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
Johannes HebebrandDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Gary HeimanDepartment of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Matthew E HirschtrittDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Pieter HoekstraDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Alden Y HuangSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Cornelia IllmannPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Joseph JankovicParkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Robert A KingYale Child Study Center and the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Samuel KupermanUniversity of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Paul C LeeTripler Army Medical Center and University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Gholson J LyonJervis Clinic, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR), Staten Island, NY, USA.
Irene A MalatyDepartment of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Carol A MathewsDepartment of Psychiatry, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
William M McMahonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Kirsten Müller-VahlClinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Peter NagyVadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
Benjamin M NealePsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Markus M NöthenInstitute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany.
Michael S OkunDepartment of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Lisa OsieckiPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Peristera PaschouDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Renata RizzoChild Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Mary M RobertsonDivision of Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
Guy A RouleauMontreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Paul SandorUniversity Health Network, Youthdale Treatment Centres, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Jeremiah M ScharfPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Monika SchlögelhoferBiopsychosocial Corporation, Vienna, Austria.
Harvey S SingerJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mara StamenkovicDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Manfred StuhrmannInstitute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Jae Hoon SulSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Zsanett TarnokVadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
Jay TischfieldDepartment of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Fotis TsetsosDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
A Jeremy WillseyInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Douglas WoodsMarquette University and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Yulia WorbeSorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
Dongmei YuPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Samuel ZinnerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USBroad Institute · USUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRRutgers, The State University of New Jersey · USUniversity Health Network · CAUniversity of Florida Health · USKennedy Krieger Institute · USMontreal Neurological Institute and Hospital · CAUniversity of Iowa · USCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USPennsylvania State University · USSemmelweis University · HUYale University · USYonsei University · KRChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia · USDemocritus University of Thrace · GRMassachusetts General Hospital · USUniversity of Bonn · DE
Funding
NIMH Center Repository Supporting Stem Cell ResearchU24MH068457 · NIMH · RUTGERS THE ST UNIV OF NJ NEW BRUNSWICK · PI BRZUSTOWICZ, LINDA M, KNOWLES, JAMES A · 2003 to 2024
$213.8MYale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9MThe NINDS Human Cell and Data Repository (U24 renewal)U24NS095914 · NINDS · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI Azadeh Jadali, JAMES A KNOWLES · 2015 to 2026
$15.9MTraining and Mentoring CoreU54MD010722 · NIMHD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI COX, NANCY J, MILLER-HUGHES, STEPHANIA T. · 2016 to 2020
$11.9MOverall: Eunice Kennedy Shriver Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at VanderbiltP50HD103537 · NICHD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Lea K Davis · 2020 to 2026
$10.3MGenetic Privacy and Identity in Community Settings - GetPreCiSeRM1HG009034 · NHGRI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI CLAYTON, ELLEN WRIGHT, MALIN, BRADLEY A. · 2016 to 2024
$8.3MIntegrating Common and Rare Variation to Discover Genes Associated with Tourette SyndromeR01NS102371 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MATHEWS, CAROL A, OPHOFF, ROEL A · 2018 to 2022
$7.4M1/7 Collaborative Genomic Studies of Tourette Disorder.R01MH115958 · NIMH · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI HEIMAN, GARY A., TISCHFIELD, JAY ARNOLD · 2018 to 2023
$6.8M2/7-Collaborative genomic studies of Tourette DisorderR01MH115963 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STATE, MATTHEW W., WILLSEY, ARTHUR JEREMY · 2018 to 2022
$4.9MAnalysis, Validation and Resource Creation for Genome Sequencing of Complex DiseasesU01HG009086 · NHGRI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI COX, NANCY J, LI, BINGSHAN · 2016 to 2020
$4.3MDiscovering Biology for Neuropsychiatric Diseases Through Omics Studies on ComorbiditiesR01MH113362 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI COX, NANCY J, KNAPIK, ELA W · 2017 to 2021
$3.9MNeurobiological Markers of Rhythm: Risk and Resilience for Language AcquisitionR01DC016977 · NIDCD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GORDON, REYNA LEIGH · 2019 to 2023
$3.5MNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NHGRI NIH HHS R21 HG010652NHGRI NIH HHS RM1 HG009034NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG009086NICHD NIH HHS DP2 HD098859NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103537NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC016977NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD010722NIMH NIH HHS K08 MH099424NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113362NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH114927NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH115958NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH115961NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH115963NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH118233NIMH NIH HHS R56 MH120736NIMH NIH HHS U24 MH068457NINDS NIH HHS K02 NS085048NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS096008NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS096207NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS102371NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS105746NINDS NIH HHS R25 NS108939NINDS NIH HHS U24 NS095914NINR NIH HHS R01 NR014852
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder of complex genetic architecture involving multiple interacting genes. Here, we sought to elucidate the pathways that underlie the neurobiology of the disorder through genome-wide analysis. We analyzed genome-wide genotypic data of 3581 individuals with TS and 7682 ancestry-matched controls and investigated associations of TS with sets of genes that are expressed in particular cell types and operate in specific neuronal and glial functions. We employed a self-contained, set-based association method (SBA) as well as a competitive gene set method (MAGMA) using individual-level genotype data to perform a comprehensive investigation of the biological background of TS. Our SBA analysis identified three significant gene sets after Bonferroni correction, implicating ligand-gated ion channel signaling, lymphocytic, and cell adhesion and transsynaptic signaling processes. MAGMA analysis further supported the involvement of the cell adhesion and trans-synaptic signaling gene set. The lymphocytic gene set was driven by variants in FLT3, raising an intriguing hypothesis for the involvement of a neuroinflammatory element in TS pathogenesis. The indications of involvement of ligand-gated ion channel signaling reinforce the role of GABA in TS, while the association of cell adhesion and trans-synaptic signaling gene set provides additional support for the role of adhesion molecules in neuropsychiatric disorders. This study reinforces previous findings but also provides new insights into the neurobiology of TS.
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Tourette SyndromeGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHumansNeurons
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