Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33462097›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

Protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of the DAFNE

Elizabeth Coates, Stephanie Amiel, Wendy Baird, Mohammed Benaissa, Alan Brennan, Michael Joseph Campbell, Paul Chadwick, Tim Chater, Pratik Choudhary, Debbie Cooke and 25 more

Open access · goldAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. From language matters to stigma-free communication in diabetes: Evolution, challenges, and next steps.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026
    Review
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  8. Analysis of real-world capillary blood glucose data to help reduce HbADiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

35 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.

Elizabeth CoatesSchool of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2388-6102
Stephanie AmielDepartment of Diabetes, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2686-5531
Wendy BairdSchool of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Mohammed BenaissaDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Alan BrennanSchool of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Michael Joseph CampbellSchool of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3529-2739
Paul ChadwickEpidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK.
Tim ChaterSchool of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Pratik ChoudharyDepartment of Diabetes, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK.
Debbie CookeDepartment of Diabetes, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK.
Cindy CooperSchool of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Elizabeth CrossSchool of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Nicole De ZoysaKing's College Hospital, London, UK.
Mohammad EissaDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Jackie ElliottDepartment of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Carla GianfrancescoDiabetes Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
Tim GoodDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
David HopkinsGeneral and Emergency Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Zheng HuiDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Julia LawtonCentre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Fabiana LorencattoEpidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK.
Susan MichieEpidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK.
Daniel John PollardSchool of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5630-0115
David RankinCentre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Jose SchutterScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Elaine ScottSchool of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Jane SpeightThe Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Stephanie Stanton-FayEpidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK.
Carolin TaylorDiabetes Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
Gillian ThompsonNorthumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK.
Nikki TottonSchool of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Lucy YardleyAcademic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Aleksandr ZaitcevDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Simon HellerDepartment of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK s.heller@sheffield.ac.uk.
DAFNEplus group
University of Sheffield · GBKing's College London · GBUniversity College Lahore · PKDiabetes Australia · AUUniversity of Edinburgh · GBKing's College Hospital · GBNorthumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity of Southampton · GB

Funding

Department of Health RP-PG-0514-20013Medical Research Council G0901474
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe successful treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires those affected to employ insulin therapy to maintain their blood glucose levels as close to normal to avoid complications in the long-term. The Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) intervention is a group education course designed to help adults with T1D develop and sustain the complex self-management skills needed to adjust insulin in everyday life. It leads to improved glucose levels in the short term (manifest by falls in glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c), reduced rates of hypoglycaemia and sustained improvements in quality of life but overall glucose levels remain well above national targets. The DAFNE METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in adults with T1D, delivered in diabetes centres in National Health Service secondary care hospitals in the UK. Centres will be randomised on a 1:1 basis to standard DAFNE or DAFNE ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was granted by South West-Exeter Research Ethics Committee (REC ref: 18/SW/0100) on 14 May 2018. The results of the trial will be published in a National Institute for Health Research monograph and relevant high-impact journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN42908016.

Indexed as

Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicSelf-ManagementAdultDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Glycated HemoglobinHumansPatient Education as TopicPragmatic Clinical Trials as TopicQuality of LifeState MedicineGlycated Hemoglobindiabetes & endocrinologyeducation & training (see medical education & training)health economicsqualitative research

Identifiers

PMID33462097
PMCPMC7813353
OpenAlexW3123776540

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.