ArticleJournal of intensive care2021
Community-acquired and hospital-acquired respiratory tract infection and bloodstream infection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Article in Journal of intensive care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk factors for bloodstream infection in COVID-19 patients in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Antifungal therapy in the management of fungal secondary infections in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection and superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Microbial Etiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Pneumonia Among Hospitalized Patients in Kazakhstan: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Data.Health science reports · 2026Review
- High levels of miR-146a-5p in COVID-19 patients are associated withFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dysbiosis of the oropharyngeal microbiota in COVID-19: distinct profiles in patients with severe respiratory symptoms.Journal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- Microbial dynamics and pulmonary immune responses in COVID-19 secondary bacterial pneumonia.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Changes in clinical parameters and inflammatory markers after blood culture collection facilitate early identification of positive culture in adult patients with COVID-19 and clinically suspected bloodstream infection.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- Article
- Differential Gene Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Positive Bronchoalveolar Lavages: A Case Series.Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology · 2024Article
- Relationship between COVID-19 and ICU-Acquired Bloodstream Infections Related to Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Interpretation of chest radiography in patients with known or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: what we learnt from comparison with computed tomography.Emergency radiology · 2023Article
- Review
- Antibiotics Used for COVID-19 In-Patients from an Infectious Disease Ward.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical outcomes of and risk factors for secondary infection in patients with severe COVID-19: a multicenter cohort study in South Korea.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial use and aetiology of bloodstream infections in critically ill patients during early stages of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Infection prevention in practice · 2022Article
- Article
- Seroprevalence of community-acquired atypical bacterial pneumonia among adult COVID-19 patients from a single center in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study.Saudi medical journal · 2022Article
- Secondary infections modify the overall course of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study from a network of hospitals across North India.IJID regions · 2022Article
- Causative Agents of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Resistance to Antibiotics in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSARS-CoV-2 may cause acute lung injury, and secondary infections are thus relevant complications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, detailed information on community- and hospital-acquired infections among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is scarce.
methodsWe identified 220 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients hospitalized at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (between 25 February and 31 May 2020). We excluded patients who declined the general consent (n = 12), patients without clinical evidence of pneumonia (n = 29), and patients hospitalized for < 24 h (n = 17). We evaluated the frequency of community- and hospital-acquired infections using respiratory and blood culture materials with antigen, culture-based, and molecular diagnostics. For ICU patients, all clinical and microbial findings were re-evaluated interdisciplinary (intensive care, infectious disease, and clinical microbiology), and agreement reached to classify patients with infections.
resultsIn the final cohort of 162 hospitalized patients (median age 64.4 years (IQR, 50.4-74.2); 61.1% male), 41 (25.3%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, 34/41 (82.9%) required mechanical ventilation, and 17 (10.5%) of all hospitalized patients died. In total, 31 infections were diagnosed including five viral co-infections, 24 bacterial infections, and three fungal infections (ventilator-associated pneumonia, n = 5; tracheobronchitis, n = 13; pneumonia, n = 1; and bloodstream infection, n = 6). Median time to respiratory tract infection was 12.5 days (IQR, 8-18) and time to bloodstream infection 14 days (IQR, 6-30). Hospital-acquired bacterial and fungal infections were more frequent among ICU patients than other patients (36.6% vs. 1.7%). Antibiotic or antifungal treatment was administered in 71 (43.8%) patients.
conclusionsCommunity-acquired viral and bacterial infections were rare among COVID-19 pneumonia patients. By contrast, hospital-acquired bacterial or fungal infections were frequently complicating the course among ICU patients.
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