Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33461594›Full record

ReviewOrphanet journal of rare diseases2021

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma: a case series and literature review.

Zahraa Chayed, Lone Krøldrup Kristensen, Lilian Bomme Ousager, Karina Rønlund, Anette Bygum

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Skin cancer risk in hereditary mixed cancer syndromes.Hereditary cancer in clinical practice · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Zahraa ChayedDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. zacha15@student.sdu.dk.ORCID 0000-0001-6526-1867
Lone Krøldrup KristensenDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Lilian Bomme OusagerDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Karina RønlundDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
Anette BygumDepartment of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Odense University Hospital · DKUniversity of Southern Denmark · DKVejle Sygehus · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by cutaneous leiomyoma (CLM), uterine leiomyoma (ULM) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Five HLRCC patients are presented with a compiled database of published HLRCC cases to increase understanding of HLRCC. Furthermore, a surveillance program is suggested. Our review is based on a PubMed search which retrieved case reports and cohort studies published before November 2019. The search yielded 97 original papers with a total of 672 HLRCC patients.

resultsCLMs were present in 474 patients (71.5%), developed at the mean age of 28 years. Five patients had cutaneous leiomyosarcomas. ULMs were present in 356 women (83%), while two had uterine leiomyosarcoma. ULMs were diagnosed at a mean age of 32 years, with the youngest diagnosed at age 17 years. The most common surgical treatment for ULMs was hysterectomy, performed at a mean age of 35 years, with the youngest patient being 19 years old. RCCs were present in 189 patients (34.9%), of which half had metastatic disease. The mean age of diagnosis was 36 years with the youngest patient diagnosed with RCC at the age of 11 years.

conclusionWe suggest a surveillance program for HLRCC including a dermatological examination once every 2 years, annual magnetic resonance imaging starting at the age of 10 years to monitor for early RCCs, annual gynecological examinations from the age of 15 years and counseling regarding risk of hysterectomy and family planning at the age of 18 years. CLMs are often the earliest manifestation of HLRCC, which is why recognizing these lesions, performing a biopsy, and making a prompt referral to genetic counseling is important in order to diagnose HLRCC early.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Renal CellKidney NeoplasmsLeiomyomatosisNeoplastic Syndromes, HereditarySkin NeoplasmsAdolescentAdultChildFemaleFumarate HydrataseHumansYoung AdultFumarate HydrataseHereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinomaHLRCCSurveillance program

Identifiers

PMID33461594
PMCPMC7814596
OpenAlexW3123173091

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.