Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33461520›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021

Breastfeeding, prenatal depression and children's IQ and behaviour: a test of a moderation model.

Rita Amiel Castro, Vivette Glover, Ulrike Ehlert, Thomas G O'Connor

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The association between perinatal depressive symptoms and child neurodevelopment.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2024
    Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Rita Amiel CastroDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. r.castro@psychologie.uzh.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-8770
Vivette GloverDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Ulrike EhlertDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Thomas G O'ConnorDepartments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA.
University of Zurich · CHImperial College London · GBUniversity of Rochester · US

Funding

Persisting Effects of Prenatal Anxiety on Child OutcomesR01MH073842 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI O'CONNOR, THOMAS G · 2006 to 2010
$2.1M
Genesis Research Trust P32556Medical Research Council G9815508Medical Research Council MC_PC_15018Medical Research Council MC_PC_19009NIH HHS R01 MH073842The Wellcome Trust 102215/2/13/2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe aimed to determine the associations between breastfeeding and children's neurodevelopment indexed by intelligence quotient (IQ) and emotional and behavioural problems through mid-childhood adjusting for prenatal and postnatal depression and multiple confounders; and to test the novel hypothesis that breastfeeding may moderate the effects of prenatal depression and anxiety on children's neurodevelopment.

methodsThe study is based on women and their children from the longitudinal Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n=11,096). Children's IQ was derived from standardized in-person testing; behaviour problems were assessed according to parent-report; information on breastfeeding, prenatal depression and anxiety and multiple confounders were derived from self-report questionnaires. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression adjusting for several covariates.

results43% women were exclusively breastfeeding at 1 month and an additional 16.8% were engaged in mixed or partial breastfeeding. Both exclusive breastfeeding (B = 2.19; SD = 0.36, p =.00) and mixed feeding (B = 1.59; SD= 0.52; p=.00) were positively associated with IQ at 8 years of age, after adjusting for covariates. Exclusive breastfeeding was negatively associated with hyperactivity/attention deficit at 4 years (B = -.30, SD = .05; p < .01); mixed feeding was related to hyperactivity/attention deficit at age 9 (B = .20; SD = .08; p = .03) after adjustments. There was no association between breastfeeding and emotional or conduct problems. Breastfeeding did not moderate the association between prenatal depression and anxiety and children's neurodevelopment.

conclusionsThe selective association between breastfeeding and neurodevelopmental measures suggests a nutritional rather than broader beneficial psychological effect on child neurodevelopment. Breastfeeding did not moderate the associations between prenatal depression and anxiety and child neurodevelopment, suggesting separate mechanisms of action.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentIntelligenceAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityBreast FeedingChildChild, PreschoolDepressionDepression, PostpartumEnglandFemaleHumansInfantInfant FormulaIntelligence TestsLongitudinal StudiesALSPACBehaviourBreastfeedingChildIntelligence testsPrenatal anxietyPrenatal depressionPrenatal exposure effects

Identifiers

PMID33461520
PMCPMC7814604
OpenAlexW3121876495

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.