ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2021
Early-but Not Late-Onset Hypertension Is Related to Midlife Cognitive Function.
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is hypertension negatively associated with memory performance in women during climacteric? A systematic review.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2021Pooled it
- Adoption, implementation, and evaluation of the HEARTS initiative on blood pressure outcomes: a quality improvement project in a large healthcare system in the United States.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Blood Pressure and Brain Microvascular Traits in a Model of Low-Renin Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Association Between Age at Hypertension Diagnosis and Brain Health: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2026Article
- Early-life blood pressure and midlife brain and cognitive health: tests in two birth cohorts.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Atherogenic index of plasma and cognitive impairment risk among hypertensive adults: evidence from a nationwide cohort study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Losartan attenuates sex-dependent hypertension, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment in the aging male sprague-dawley rat.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Lifespan cardiometabolic exposures are associated with midlife white matter microstructure: The Bogalusa Heart Study.NeuroImage · 2025Article
- Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (2024 revision).Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2025Article
- Age of hypertension onset and cognitive function in the elderly: an observational study from the NHANES 2011-2014.European geriatric medicine · 2024Observational
- The Role of One-Carbon Metabolism in Healthy Brain Aging.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Genetic analyses identify brain structures related to cognitive impairment associated with elevated blood pressure.European heart journal · 2023Observational
- The Association of Age at Diagnosis of Hypertension with Cognitive Decline: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Association of vascular and degenerative brain pathologies and past medical history from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Database.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2023Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of the cerebral hippocampal tissue in spontaneously hypertensive rats exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia: associations with inflammation and energy metabolism.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Is it possible to prevent cognitive decline among middle-aged and older hypertensive individuals?Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2022Article
- Cerebrovascular Variants and the Role of the Selfish Brain in Young-Onset Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Article
- Short-Term Pharmacological Induction of Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension with Angiotensin II Does Not Affect Learning and Memory and Cerebral Amyloid Load in Two Murine Models of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Activation of the Central Renin-Angiotensin System Causes Local Cerebrovascular Dysfunction.Stroke · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hypertension is related to increased risk of cognitive decline in a highly age-dependent manner. However, conflicting evidence exists on the relation between age of hypertension onset and cognition. Our goal was to investigate the association between early- versus late-onset hypertension and midlife cognitive performance in 2946 CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) participants (mean age 55±4, 57% women). The participants underwent 9 repeat examinations, including blood pressure measurements, between 1985 to 1986 and 2015 to 2016. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and completed Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Stroop interference test, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to evaluate cognitive function at the year 30 exam. We assessed the relation between age of hypertension onset and cognitive function using linear regression models adjusted for cognitive decline risk factors, including systolic blood pressure. We observed that individuals with early-onset hypertension (onset at <35 years) had 0.24±0.09, 0.22±0.10, 0.27±0.09, and 0.19±0.07 lower standardized Z-scores in Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a composite cognitive score than participants without hypertension (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.