ArticleNature2021
Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,145 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,145citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
103.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,145 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,745 citations in OpenAlex.
- How does the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate change over time? The global evidence from systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- R1-32-like public antibodies acquire tolerance to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic drift through somatic hypermutation.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive profiling of humoral immune responses to pan-respiratory pathogens: Insights from diverse cohorts.iScience · 2026Article
- Implications of RNA virus persistence for post-acute sequelae and chronic inflammatory syndromes.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- mRNA-based influenza vaccine expands the B cell response breadth in humans.Nature immunology · 2026Observational
- Pre-existing hemagglutinin-specific antibody levels are associated with B-cell repertoire maturation and antibody breadth after influenza vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- JN.1-adapted vaccination is associated with readjustment of ancestral memory B cells toward neutralization within the JN.1 antigenic space.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immune organoids for Africa: a roadmap for bridging the innovation gap in infectious diseases and cancer research.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Somatic Evolution of a Germline Antibody Expands its Breadth to Neutralize Early SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- mRNA delivery of a class 1/4 SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody protects against diverse sarbecoviruses in a lethal mouse challenge model.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Designing studies for post-treatment Lyme disease and other infection-associated chronic illnesses.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Pathogen-specific immune responses might underlie divergent outcomes of coronavirus and influenza infection in the natural porcine host.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Hybrid immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is associated with more sustained antibody levels, and lower reinfection risk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Affinity-matured B cell responses neutralizing type-I interferons underlie severe viral infections.Cell · 2026Article
- Whole-protein screening and multi-modal profiling of antigen-specific CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- Strong effect of Anti-COVID-19 vaccination on the peak titer of antibodies against novel coronavirus: factors affecting humoral immunity in Georgian plasma donors.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Current status and future perspectives on the mechanistic and pathophysiological understanding of long COVID.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Long COVID: Deep single-cell immunophenotyping and machine learning reveal a general signature for fatigue.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanisms underlying immunodynamics of layered defenses elicited by mRNA vaccination in children.BMC medicine · 2026Article
1,085 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Update of
Authors and funding
42 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Christian Gaebler *Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7295-8128
Zijun Wang *Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Julio C C Lorenzi *Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2492-3961
Frauke Muecksch *Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-5101
Shlomo Finkin *Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-2658
Minami Tokuyama *Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-9687
Alice Cho *Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Mila Jankovic *Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Dennis Schaefer-Babajew *Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-2950
Thiago Y Oliveira *Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Melissa Cipolla *Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Charlotte ViantLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Christopher O BarnesDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Yaron BramDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Gaëlle BretonLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Thomas HägglöfLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Pilar MendozaLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-1811
Arlene HurleyHospital Program Direction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Martina TurrojaLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9640-0559
Kristie GordonLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Katrina G MillardLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-3178
Victor RamosLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-3420
Fabian SchmidtLaboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Yiska WeisblumLaboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Divya JhaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Michael TankelevichDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Gustavo Martinez-DelgadoDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Jim YeeDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1595-6585
Roshni PatelLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Juan DizonLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Cecille Unson-O'BrienLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Irina ShimeliovichLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Davide F RobbianiInstitute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7379-3484
Zhen ZhaoDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Anna GazumyanLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Robert E SchwartzDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-5995
Theodora HatziioannouLaboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Pamela J BjorkmanDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2277-3990
Saurabh MehandruDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. saurabh.mehandru@mssm.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-2969
Paul D BieniaszLaboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. pbieniasz@rockefeller.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2368-3719
Marina CaskeyLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. mcaskey@rockefeller.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1727-8693
Michel C NussenzweigLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. nussen@rockefeller.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0592-8564
Rockefeller University · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USCornell University · USCalifornia Institute of Technology · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USRockefeller University Hospital · USUniversità della Svizzera italiana · CH
Funding
Developing, Demonstrating, and Disseminating Innovative Programs to Achieve Translational SuccessUL1TR001866 · NCATS · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI COLLER, BARRY, KRUEGER, JAMES G · 2016 to 2025
$40.6MUnderstanding B cell memory in response to diverse virus infectionsU19AI111825 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI NUSSENZWEIG, MICHEL C · 2014 to 2023
$26.0MVirus TransmissionP50AI150464 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI HOPE, THOMAS · 2019 to 2021
$14.9MOvercoming Host Restriction Factors to Develop Better Animal Models for HIV/AIDS.R01AI078788 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI HATZIIOANNOU, THEODORA · 2008 to 2021
$9.3MVirology CoreP01AI138938 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI BJORKMAN, PAMELA J · 2018 to 2022
$8.4MGenetic Viral and Host Adaptations to Breach Species Barriers of HCVR01AI107301 · NIAID · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI Thomas Pietschmann, Alexander Ploss · 2013 to 2026
$6.0MDiscovery and Mechanism of Antiretroviral FactorsR37AI064003 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI BIENIASZ, PAUL D. · 2011 to 2020
$4.9MDetermination of mucosal immune responses to, and infection of the gastrointestinal tract by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)R01DK123749 · NIDDK · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI CERUTTI, ANDREA, FAITH, JEREMIAH JAMES · 2020 to 2024
$4.9MOptimization of the engineered 3D hepatic microenvironment enhances pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocyteR01DK121072 · NIDDK · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI SCHWARTZ, ROBERT E · 2020 to 2024
$2.6MModeling Hepatoblastoma using pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocyte-like cellsR01CA234614 · NCI · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI SCHWARTZ, ROBERT E · 2019 to 2023
$1.9MImmunological and virological effects of targeting gut homing integrin alpha4beta7 in HIV-1 infected humansR01DK120035 · NIDDK · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI MEHANDRU, SAURABH · 2019 to 2019
$512kIdentification of Hepatitis B Virus permissiveness factorsR03DK117252 · NIDDK · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI SCHWARTZ, ROBERT E · 2018 to 2019
$254kHoward Hughes Medical InstituteNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001866NCI NIH HHS R01 CA234614NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI138938NIAID NIH HHS P50 AI150464NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI078788NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI107301NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI064003NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI111825NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK120035NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK121072NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK123749NIDDK NIH HHS R03 DK117252Wellcome Trust
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected 78 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.7 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with the development of variable levels of antibodies with neutralizing activity, which can protect against infection in animal models
Indexed as
AdolescentAdultAgedAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAntigens, ViralBiopsyB-LymphocytesCohort StudiesCOVID-19Fluorescent Antibody TechniqueHumansImmunity, HumoralImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAntigens, ViralImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.