ArticleBiomaterials2021
Cargo-free immunomodulatory nanoparticles combined with anti-PD-1 antibody for treating metastatic breast cancer.
Article in Biomaterials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoparticle induction of antigen-presenting monocyte-derived dendritic cells relieves immunosuppression and inhibits metastasis.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Engineered cargo-free nanoparticle decoys for phagocytic modulation of macrophages.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Cationic lipid-based nanoparticles for therapeutic delivery in cancer treatment: physicochemical characteristics, therapeutic cargos, and clinical potential.Applied microscopy · 2026Review
- The impact of PD-1 mutations on pembrolizumab binding: insights from molecular dynamics and MM-GBSA analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Inhalability and Bioactivity of Spray-Dried versus Pressurized Gas eXpanded Liquid Technology-Processed Yeast Beta-Glucan Microparticles for Anti-Fibrotic Therapies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Early metastasis is characterized by Gr1+ cell dysregulation and is inhibited by immunomodulatory nanoparticles.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Cargo-less Nanoparticles Prevent Bone Loss in Periodontitis and Peri-implantitis.Journal of dental research · 2025Article
- Shifting cold to hot tumors by nanoparticle-loaded drugs and products.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Nanoparticles Modulating the Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Nanoparticulated Anti-Programmed Cell Death-1 Antibody Improves Localized Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy.Biomaterials research · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Monitoring of T cell Dynamics in Metastatic Breast Cancer via a Remote Diagnostic Implant.Immunomedicine · 2024Article
- Cold and hot tumors: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Engineered Immunologic Niche Monitors Checkpoint Blockade Response and Probes Mechanisms of Resistance.Immunomedicine · 2024Article
- A synthetic metastatic niche reveals antitumor neutrophils drive breast cancer metastatic dormancy in the lungs.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Metallic Nanoparticles: Their Potential Role in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy via Trained Immunity Provocation.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for solid cancers.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Review
- Nanoparticle-Delivered Transforming Growth Factor-β1 siRNA Induces PD-1 against Gastric Cancer by Transforming the Phenotype of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Nanoparticles reduce monocytes within the lungs to improve outcomes after influenza virus infection in aged mice.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis for cancer treatment: a review on nanotechnology.Royal Society open science · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The presence of immunosuppressive innate immune cells such as myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), Ly6C-high monocytes, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) at a tumor can inhibit effector T cell and NK cell function. Immune checkpoint blockade using anti-PD-1 antibody aims to overcome the immune suppressive environment, yet only a fraction of patients responds. Herein, we test the hypothesis that cargo-free PLG nanoparticles administered intravenously can divert circulating immune cells from the tumor microenvironment to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in the 4T1 mouse model of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. In vitro studies demonstrate that these nanoparticles decrease the expression of MCP-1 by 5-fold and increase the expression of TNF-α by more than 2-fold upon uptake by innate immune cells. Intravenous administration of particles results in internalization by MDSCs and monocytes, with particles detected in the liver, lung, spleen, and primary tumor. Nanoparticle delivery decreased the abundance of MDSCs in circulation and in the lung, the latter being the primary metastatic site. Combined with anti-PD-1 antibody, nanoparticles significantly slowed tumor growth and resulted in a survival benefit. Gene expression analysis by GSEA indicated inflammatory myeloid cell pathways were downregulated in the lung and upregulated in the spleen and tumor. Upregulation of extrinsic apoptotic pathways was also observed in the primary tumor. Collectively, these results demonstrate that cargo-free PLG nanoparticles can reprogram immune cell responses and alter the tumor microenvironment in vivo to overcome the local immune suppression attributed to myeloid cells and enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.