ArticleEnvironmental research2021
Prenatal exposure to phthalates and maternal metabolic outcomes in a high-risk pregnant Latina population.
Article in Environmental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal exposure to specific endocrine-disrupting chemicals and gestational diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of phthalate exposure on gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal phthalate and bisphenol exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: a birth cohort study in New York City.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Phthalates: the interplay between diet, obesity, diabetes, and gut microbiota.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Gestational Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals of Emerging Concern and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Investigation of Sex-Specific and Trimester-Specific Associations.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Exploring diet as a source of plasticizers in pregnancy and implications for maternal second-trimester metabolic health.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Associations of urinary biomarkers of phthalates, phenols, parabens, and organophosphate esters with glycemic traits in pregnancy: The Healthy Start Study.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Association of joint exposure to organophosphorus flame retardants and phthalate acid esters with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Diethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate disrupt sirtuins expression in the HepG2 cells.Toxicology research · 2024Article
- Predictors of Phthalate Metabolites Exposure among Healthy Pregnant Women in the United States, 2010-2015.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Review
- The Relationship between Phthalates and Diabetes: A Review.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Maternal exposure to phthalates and total gestational weight gain in the LIFECODES birth cohort.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Associations of individual and cumulative urinary phthalate and replacement biomarkers with gestational weight gain through late pregnancy.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and personal care product use during pregnancy - Results of a pilot study.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Protective effects of polyphenols against endocrine disrupting chemicals.Food science and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Diabetes mellitus: Plasticizers and nanomaterials acting as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- Prenatal phthalate exposure in relation to placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH) in the CANDLE cohort.Environment international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPhthalates are a group of endocrine disrupting chemicals that are heavily used throughout industry in flexible plastic and personal-care products. As a result, detectable levels of their metabolites are readily found in humans. Some studies have shown associations of phthalates with diabetes, but associations with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are less clear.
objectiveTo investigate the association of 11 prenatal urinary phthalate metabolites and development of GDM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), continuous plasma glucose level, and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) in a population of pregnant Latina women (N = 415) enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort study.
methodsPhthalate metabolite levels were measured via mass spectrometry from two urine samples collected in the end of the first and second trimester. Maternal plasma glucose levels, prior diabetes diagnosis, GDM diagnosis, and weight gain were abstracted from medical records. Multiple regression was used to evaluate the association between the average of the two urinary phthalate metabolites levels and maternal metabolic outcomes. In our sensitivity analysis, phthalate levels were categorized by level (as quartiles of exposure) and by timing of urine sample collection (as taken in first and second half of pregnancy).
resultsConsistent with findings from a nationally representative sample, all of the individual phthalate metabolites were detected in majority of mothers. Thirty-one mothers (7.5%) were diagnosed with GDM, 49 mothers (14.7%) displayed IGT, and 223 mothers (55.1%) gained an excessive amount of weight during their pregnancy. MEP concentrations were associated with an increased odds of excessive GWG (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.3). We did not find an association between any phthalate metabolite and any maternal glucose outcome.
conclusionContrary to previous studies, our findings do not support an association of prenatal phthalate levels and increased odds for hyperglycemia, IGT, or GDM. But, we did find an increased odds of excessive GWG, a well-known risk factor for GDM.
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