ArticlePreventive medicine2021
A call to action: Improving urban green spaces to reduce health inequalities exacerbated by COVID-19.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors influencing access to green health prescribing in primary care for older adults - a qualitative systematic review.BMC medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Understanding the nature-wellbeing relationship in adults: a qualitative metasynthesis review.Wellbeing, space and society · 2026Review
- Private garden uses and associated mental well-being benefits during the first UK Covid-19 lockdown - a social media investigation.PloS one · 2026Article
- Investigating health-related barriers to green space use, chronic health conditions and sociodemographic characteristics: a structural equation modelling approach.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Urban Greenspace, Climate Adaptation and Health Co-Benefits: Municipal Policy and Practice in London.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Physical Activity and Local Blue/Green Space Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2024Article
- Public hospital reform, family health consumption and health inequality: evidence from China Family Panel Studies.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Association between residential greenness and severe psychological distress and the moderating role of 'stay-at-home' status: a population-based cross-sectional study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.BMJ public health · 2023Article
- Green infrastructure inequality in the context of COVID-19: Taking parks and trails as examples.Urban forestry & urban greening · 2023Article
- What needs to happen to 'level up' public health?Contemporary social science · 2023Article
- COVID-19 infection rate but not severity is associated with availability of greenness in the United States.Landscape and urban planning · 2023Article
- The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Contribution of Local Green Space and Nature Connection to Mental Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Covid-19 and outdoor recreation - Lessons learned? Introduction to the special issue on "Outdoor recreation and Covid-19: Its effects on people, parks and landscapes".Journal of outdoor recreation and tourism · 2023Article
- How the COVID-19 pandemic changed patterns of green infrastructure use: A scoping review.Urban forestry & urban greening · 2023Article
- Visiting Urban Green Space and Orientation to Nature Is Associated with Better Wellbeing during COVID-19.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Exploring the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on people's relationships with gardens.Emotion, space and society · 2023Article
- Engaging with nature and the outdoors: A scoping review of therapeutic applications in contemporary occupational therapy.The British journal of occupational therapy · 2023Review
- Green space and the health of the older adult during pandemics: a narrative review on the experience of COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Cohort Profile: The Green and Blue Spaces (GBS) and mental health in Wales e-cohort.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Links between the pandemic and urban green spaces, a perspective on spatial indices of landscape garden cities in China.Sustainable cities and society · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Health is not equally distributed across society; there are avoidable, unfair, systematic differences in health between population groups. Some of these same groups (older people, BAME communities, those with some non-communicable diseases (NCDs)) may be particularly vulnerable to risk of exposure and severe COVID-19 outcomes due to co-morbidities, structural vulnerabilities, and public-facing or health and social care jobs among other factors. Additionally, some of the restrictions designed to reduce SARS-CoV-2 spread impact specifically on these same groups by limiting their activity and access to preventive or health promotion services. Greenspaces, accessed with social distancing, may mitigate some of the predicted negative health effects of COVID-19 restrictions. Maintaining or increasing publicly accessible urban greenspaces, particularly for marginalised groups, is reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals, and its importance amplified in the COVID-19 pandemic. Urban greenspaces should be considered a public health and social investment and a chance to rebalance our relationship with nature to protect against future pandemics. By investing in urban public greenspaces, additional benefits (job/food creation, biodiversity promotion, carbon sequestration) may coincide with health benefits. Realising these requires a shift in the balance of decision making to place weight on protecting, enhancing and providing more appropriate greenspaces designed with local communities. The current pandemic is a reminder that humanity placing too many pressures on nature has damaging consequences. COVID-19 economic recovery programs present an opportunity for sustainable transformation if they can be leveraged to simultaneously protect and restore nature and tackle climate change and health inequalities.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.