Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33460375›Full record

ArticleIEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control2021

Clot Degradation Under the Action of Histotripsy Bubble Activity and a Lytic Drug.

Samuel A Hendley, Jonathan D Paul, Adam D Maxwell, Kevin J Haworth, Christy K Holland, Kenneth B Bader

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Assessment of Cavitation From DEFINITY and DEFINITY RT.Ultrasound in medicine & biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Overview of Therapeutic Ultrasound Applications and Safety Considerations: 2024 Update.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Histotripsy: A Method for Mechanical Tissue Ablation with Ultrasound.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2024
    Review
  8. The histotripsy spectrum: differences and similarities in techniques and instrumentation.International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2023
    Review
  9. Frontiers in physiology · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Samuel A Hendley
Jonathan D Paul
Adam D Maxwell
Kevin J Haworth
Christy K Holland
Kenneth B Bader

Funding

Treatment of chronic venous thrombosis with histotripsy and thrombolyticsR01HL133334 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI Kenneth B. Bader · 2018 to 2026
$5.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL133334
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deep vein thrombosis is a major source of morbidity worldwide. For critical obstructions, catheter-directed thrombolytics are the frontline therapy to achieve vessel recanalization. Techniques that aid lytic therapy are under development to improve treatment efficacy and reduce procedure-related complications. Histotripsy is one such adjuvant under development that relies on focused ultrasound for in situ nucleation of bubble clouds. Prior studies have demonstrated synergistic effects for clot dissolution when histotripsy is combined with lytic therapy. The success of this combination approach is hypothesized to promote thrombolytic efficacy via two mechanisms: erythrocyte fractionation (hemolysis) and increased lytic activity (fibrinolysis). In this study, the contributions of hemolysis and fibrinolysis to clot degradation under histotripsy and a lytic were quantified with measurements of hemoglobin and D-dimer, respectively. A linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between hemoglobin, D-dimer, and the overall treatment efficacy (clot mass loss). A similar analysis was conducted to gauge the role of bubble activity, which was assessed with passive cavitation imaging, on hemolysis and fibrinolysis. Tabulation of these data demonstrated hemolysis and fibrinolysis contributed equally to clot mass loss. Furthermore, bubble cloud activity promoted the generation of hemoglobin and D-dimer in equal proportion. These studies indicate a multifactorial process for clot degradation under the action of histotripsy and a lytic therapy.

Indexed as

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound AblationPharmaceutical PreparationsThrombosisHumansPhantoms, ImagingPharmaceutical Preparations

Identifiers

PMID33460375
PMCPMC8445066

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.