ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2023
Sex-Based Differences in Autism Symptoms in a Large, Clinically-Referred Sample of Preschool-Aged Children with ASD.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Restricted and repetitive behavior in children with autism during the first three years of life: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Assessing Autism Co-Occurrence in Fragile X Syndrome: Proposing a Preliminary CARS-2 Cut-Off Score.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale Parent and Teacher Reports (6 to 18 years) to Predict an Autism Diagnosis in a Clinical Sample.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Occurrence of mental health challenges and their association with autistic traits, cognitive level and adaptive functioning in autistic preschool children.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Sex/gender differences in autistic traits, intelligence and executive functions of school-aged autistic children without intellectual disability.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Diagnostic challenges of autism spectrum disorder in women without intellectual or language impairments: a narrative review.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Review
- Integrating causal discovery and clinically-relevant insights to explore directional relationships between autistic features, sex at birth, and cognitive abilities.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Developmental Trajectories of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Current developmental disorders reports · 2023Article
- Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Effects of Sex, Race, and Ethnicity on Primary and Subspecialty Healthcare Use by Autistic Children in Florida: A Longitudinal Retrospective Cohort Study (2012-2018).Research in autism spectrum disorders · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous research has identified possible sex-based differences in restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, this finding is mixed, particularly among preschool-aged children. We investigated the presence of sex-based differences in parent-rated ASD symptomatology, using the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS). Participants consisted of a large (n = 481,100 female), clinically-referred sample of preschoolers (ages 2-5) diagnosed with ASD (NVIQ: M = 67.11, SD = 21.79). Females had less severe symptoms on the Total, Unusual Behaviors, DSM-5, and Stereotypy scales on the ASRS. The effects were small-to-medium, but statistically significant. There was evidence of differential relationships between nonverbal IQ and ASRS scores among males and females. This study provides additional evidence of sex-based differences in ASD symptoms present from an early age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.