ReviewDer Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft2021
[Clinical and sonographic examination findings in patients with carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas].
Review in Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Progressive exophthalmos in bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula and accompanying venous sinus thrombosis].Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSymptoms and clinical findings in patients with carotid-cavernous fistulas are specific. Nevertheless, they can be very mildly expressed. This study aims to point out the potential diagnostic value of ultrasound of the orbit.
methodsA total of 25 patients with a reliable angiographic diagnosis of a fistula were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed the symptoms, clinical findings and demonstrability in ultrasound of the orbit.
resultsThe most common clinical findings were nerve palsy, dilation of episcleral vessels and exophthalmos. If an ultrasound had been part of the examination a dilation of the superior ophthalmic vein could be demonstrated in all cases.
conclusionThe expeditious ultrasound investigation provides valuable information for the diagnosis of red eyes which are resistant to treatment. The examiner has to consider a fistula and perform an ultrasound especially when diplopia has newly occurred. Finally, the expedient neuroimaging can be arranged.
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