SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2021
Self-stigma in Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review of Frequency, Correlates, and Consequences.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Initial physical health assessment for psychosis in Australia and New Zealand: 2026 recommendations.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2026Guideline
- Effect of mind-body therapies on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in college students: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators of accessing primary healthcare for patients with severe mental illness: a mixed-methods systematic review using framework synthesis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Recommendation on screening adults for depression using a screening tool.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Guideline
- Guideline
- Virtual Service Delivery in Mental Health and Substance Use Care: A Systematic Review of Preference Elicitation Studies.Community mental health journal · 2025Pooled it
- Does the peer-led Honest, Open, Proud program reduce stigma's impact for everyone? An individual participant data meta-regression analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Internalised stigma among people with mental illness in Africa, pooled effect estimates and subgroup analysis on each domain: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Lived Experience Synthesis of Self-disclosure as an Active Ingredient in Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults with Anxiety and Depression.Administration and policy in mental health · 2023Pooled it
- Honest, Open, Proud to support disclosure decisions and to decrease stigma's impact among people with mental illness: conceptual review and meta-analysis of program efficacy.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- Mediators of functioning and quality of life among people living with schizophrenia participating in the culturally adapted family psychoeducation (KUPAA) trial in Tanzania.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Trial
- The internalized stigma, self-efficacy, occupational competence and employment outcome among persons with severe mental illness under one-to-one peer support services in Taiwan.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Honest, Open, Proud (HOP) for people with mental illness in Hong Kong: a randomized controlled trial.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Prevalence and correlates of internalized stigma among adults with HIV and major depressive disorder in rural Malawi.AIDS care · 2023Trial
- A brief video intervention targeting self-stigma among childhood maltreatment survivors: an international, multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Reciprocal relationships between self-stigma, psychological distress, and suicidality among individuals with schizophrenia: a random intercept cross-lagged panel model with a one-year follow-up.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Psychosocial Interventions, Recovery, and Mediating Mechanisms in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- The LIFE-ACE Framework of Building Therapeutic Relationships that Support Recovery in Japanese Community Mental Health: A Qualitative Study.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Real-World Effectiveness of the Peer-Led Honest, Open, Proud Programme for Self-Stigma Among Adults With Mental Illness: A Pragmatic, Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Self-stigma is associated with poor clinical and functional outcomes in Serious Mental Illness (SMI). There has been no review of self-stigma frequency and correlates in different cultural and geographic areas and SMI. The objectives of the present study were: (1) to review the frequency, correlates, and consequences of self-stigma in individuals with SMI; (2) to compare self-stigma in different geographical areas and to review its potential association with cultural factors; (3) to evaluate the strengths and limitations of the current body of evidence to guide future research. A systematic electronic database search (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Ovid SP Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL]) following PRISMA guidelines, was conducted on the frequency, correlates, and consequences of self-stigma in SMI. Out of 272 articles, 80 (29.4%) reported on the frequency of self-stigma (n = 25 458), 241 (88.6%) on cross-sectional correlates of self-stigma and 41 (15.0%) on the longitudinal correlates and consequences of self-stigma. On average, 31.3% of SMI patients reported high self-stigma. The highest frequency was in South-East Asia (39.7%) and the Middle East (39%). Sociodemographic and illness-related predictors yielded mixed results. Perceived and experienced stigma-including from mental health providers-predicted self-stigma, which supports the need to develop anti-stigma campaigns and recovery-oriented practices. Increased transition to psychosis and poor clinical and functional outcomes are both associated with self-stigma. Psychiatric rehabilitation and recovery-oriented early interventions could reduce self-stigma and should be better integrated into public policy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.