ArticlePsychiatry and clinical neurosciences2021
Association between the serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration in the first trimester of pregnancy and postpartum depression.
Article in Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Insulin-like Growth Factor Family as a Potential Peripheral Biomarker in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Androgen replacement therapy for cancer-related symptoms in male: result of prospective randomized trial (ARTFORM study).Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2021Trial
- Potential preventive effects of forest bathing/Shinrin-yoku on depressive symptoms: a narrative review of mechanistic evidence.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2026Review
- Impacts of Forest Bathing (Shinrin-Yoku) in Female Participants with Depression/Depressive Tendencies.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of Postpartum Depression: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimPatients with major depression present with an increased serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration. However, the longitudinal relationship between serum IGF-1 levels and depression development remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between the serum IGF-1 concentration in the first trimester of pregnancy and postpartum depression development using data obtained from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).
methodsThe JECS included 97 415 pregnant women; among them, 8791 were enrolled in this study. Data regarding depression in the first trimester, postpartum depression development at 1 month after childbirth, and other covariates were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Serum IGF-1 levels were measured in the first trimester of pregnancy. The participants were divided into four groups according to the serum IGF-1 level.
resultsIn the first trimester, serum IGF-1 levels were not significantly associated with psychological distress in pregnant women. In the longitudinal analyses, however, postpartum depression development in mothers within the highest quartile for serum IGF-1 concentration in the first trimester was significantly less common than in those within the lowest quartile (odds ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.30-0.79).
conclusionPregnant women with a high serum IGF-1 concentration in the first trimester were less likely to develop postpartum depression than those with a low concentration. A high serum IGF-1 concentration during pregnancy may help to protect against postpartum depression development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.