Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33458725›Full record

ReviewChemical Society reviews2021

Targeting RNA with small molecules: from fundamental principles towards the clinic.

James P Falese, Anita Donlic, Amanda E Hargrove

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Chemical Society reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
112citing papers in PubMed
12.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

112 citing papers in PubMed, 230 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. ChemBioParis 2025: Approaching Biology Through Chemistry in the City of Light.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Machine Learning for RNA-Targeting Drug Design.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Comparative Evaluation of Explicit Solvent Models for RNA-Ligand Docking.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Reparameterization of the Amber RNA Force Field Non-Bonded Terms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Site-Selective Ligand Selection by Mutational Profiling for Covalent RNA Targeting.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

James P FaleseDuke University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Durham, North Carolina, USA. amanda.hargrove@duke.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3096
Anita DonlicPrinceton University, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-618X
Amanda E HargroveDuke University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Durham, North Carolina, USA. amanda.hargrove@duke.edu and Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1536-6753
Duke University · USPrinceton University · US

Funding

Women's Cancer Research ProgramP30CA014236 · NCI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI JOHN N. NORTON · 1985 to 2026
$174.8M
Harnessing Small Molecules to Probe the Structure and Function of Regulatory RNAsR35GM124785 · NIGMS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HARGROVE, AMANDA E · 2017 to 2023
$2.8M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014236NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM124785
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent advances in our understanding of RNA biology have uncovered crucial roles for RNA in multiple disease states, ranging from viral and bacterial infections to cancer and neurological disorders. As a result, multiple laboratories have become interested in developing drug-like small molecules to target RNA. However, this development comes with multiple unique challenges. For example, RNA is inherently dynamic and has limited chemical diversity. In addition, promiscuous RNA-binding ligands are often identified during screening campaigns. This Tutorial Review overviews important considerations and advancements for generating RNA-targeted small molecules, ranging from fundamental chemistry to promising small molecule examples with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Specifically, we begin by exploring RNA functional classes, structural hierarchy, and dynamics. We then discuss fundamental RNA recognition principles along with methods for small molecule screening and RNA structure determination. Finally, we review unique challenges and emerging solutions from both the RNA and small molecule perspectives for generating RNA-targeted ligands before highlighting a selection of the "Greatest Hits" to date. These molecules target RNA in a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and viral infection, in cellular and animal model systems. Additionally, we explore the recently FDA-approved small molecule regulator of RNA splicing, risdiplam, for treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. Together, this Tutorial Review showcases the fundamental role of chemical and molecular recognition principles in enhancing our understanding of RNA biology and contributing to the rapidly growing number of RNA-targeted probes and therapeutics. In particular, we hope this widely accessible review will serve as inspiration for aspiring small molecule and/or RNA researchers.

Indexed as

AnimalsBase SequenceHigh-Throughput Screening AssaysHumansLigandsMolecular ProbesNeoplasmsNucleic Acid ConformationRNASmall Molecule LibrariesVirus DiseasesLigandsMolecular ProbesRNASmall Molecule Libraries

Identifiers

PMID33458725
PMCPMC8018613
OpenAlexW3123805313

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.