Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33456320›Full record

ArticleJournal of happiness studies2021

Post-Traumatic Growth and Stress-Related Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a National Representative Sample: The Role of Positive Core Beliefs About the World and Others.

Carmelo Vazquez, Carmen Valiente, Felipe E García, Alba Contreras, Vanesa Peinado, Almudena Trucharte, Richard P Bentall

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of happiness studies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. Post-COVID-19 physical and mental quality of life: a latent profile analysis and predictive factors.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
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25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Carmelo VazquezDepartment of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1796-2161
Carmen ValienteDepartment of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Felipe E GarcíaFacultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicaciones, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
Alba ContrerasDepartment of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Vanesa PeinadoDepartment of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Almudena TrucharteDepartment of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Richard P BentallSchool of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Given the need to understand both the negative and positive psychological consequences of the current global COVID-19 pandemic (Brewin et al. in Perspectives in Public Health 10.1177/1757913920957365 2020), the aim of this study was to test a cognitive model of post-traumatic symptoms (PTS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) during confinement caused by the SARS-COV-2 epidemic. In line with cognitive models of trauma elaboration (Park in Psychological Bulletin 10.1037/a0018301), we included in our model some beliefs associated to the world (e.g., primal beliefs about a good world), to the self (e.g., death anxiety or orientation toward the future) and to others (e.g., suspiciousness or identification with humanity). To evaluate the explanatory model, a national representative sample of adults between the ages of 18 and 75 (N = 1951) was surveyed between 7th and 13th April, 2020, in the middle of a strict 7-week national confinement. Structural equation modelling yielded a very similar model to the one initially specified. The results highlight the role of both negative and positive core beliefs, which are pertinent to the current pandemic threat, in the appearance of PTS and PTG, respectively. In short, primal beliefs about a good world, openness to the future and identification with humanity were associated with PTG; while suspiciousness, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety about death and also identification with humanity were associated with PTS and consequent impairment. This is an innovative study of different pathways to traumatic responses and growth during a pandemic. Future research is needed to replicate its findings.

Indexed as

COVID-19OptimismPost-traumatic growthPost-traumatic stress symptomsTrust

Identifiers

PMID33456320
PMCPMC7798377

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.