ArticleBMJ open2021
Prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of mental disorders among young people living in urban slums of low- and middle- income countries: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Testing Front-of-Package Labels on Packaged Food for Adult and Adolescent Population in Bangladesh.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between household environment and the risk of depression and anxiety among women in Bangladesh: analysis of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (2022).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Approaches to Identify Influential Factors of the Comorbid Psychiatric Symptoms and Hypertension Among Rural Adults in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Risk Factors and Correlates of Deliberate Self-Harm Behaviors in Bangladesh: A Narrative Review of Cross-Sectional Studies (1995-2025).Health science reports · 2026Article
- Clustering socio-demographic of Indonesian adolescents and their associations with depression: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Bangladeshi School-Going Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Mental health issues, risks and barriers to care for Bangladeshi children and adolescents: insights from lived experiences.International health · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence and correlates of probable anxiety and depression among young people: A subnational cross-sectional study in Ghana.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Aging, Economic Hardship, and Depression Among Ethnic Groups in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes in Women and Children in Bangladesh.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Prevalence, associated factors, and machine learning-based prediction of probable depression among individuals with chronic diseases in Bangladesh.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Youth depression in Ethiopia: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Review
- Article
- The association of cyberbullying with major depressive disorders among Bangladeshi female adolescents: findings from the Bangladesh adolescent health and wellbeing survey 2019-20.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Household food security and its influence on psychological well-being: a cross-sectional study among adults in slums in Bangladesh.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk factors for depression symptoms in adolescents: A population-based study.Saudi medical journal · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the prevalence of and factors associated with depression among adolescent boys and girls.
designWe conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study.
settingThis study was carried out in 82 randomly selected clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban and 10 slums) from eight divisions of Bangladesh.
participantsWe interviewed 4907 adolescent boys and 4949 adolescent girls. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was 'any depression' and the secondary outcome measures were types of depression: no or minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe.
resultsThe overall prevalence of no or minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression was 75.5%, 17.9%, 5,4%, 1.1% and 0.1%, respectively. Across most of the sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric strata, the prevalence of any depression was higher among adolescent girls. In both sexes, depression was associated with higher age, higher maternal education, paternal occupation e.g., business, absence of a 6-9-year-old member in the household, food insecurity, household consumption of unfortified oil, household use of non-iodised salt, insufficient physical activity (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.24 for boys, 1.44 for girls) and increased television viewing time e.g., ≥121 minute/day (AOR: 1.95 for boys, 1.99 for girls). Only among boys, depression was also associated with higher paternal education e.g., complete secondary and above (AOR: 1.42), absence of another adolescent member in the household (AOR: 1.34), household use of solid biomass fuel (AOR: 1.39), use of any tobacco products (AOR: 2.17), and consumption of processed food (AOR: 1.24). Only among girls, non-slum urban residence, Muslim religion, and household size ≤4 were also associated with depression.
conclusionThe prevalence of depression among adolescent boys and girls is high in Bangladesh. In most sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric strata, the prevalence is higher among girls. In this age group, depression is associated with a number of sociodemographic and lyfestyle factors. The government of Bangladesh should consider these findings while integrating adolescent mental health in the existing and future programmes.
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