ArticleImmunology2021
Thyrotrophin and thyroxine support immune homeostasis in humans.
Article in Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the relationship between intestinal microbiota and Th1/Th2/Th17 imbalance in subclinical hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy: a multi-omics approach.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Endocrinopathies associated with pediatric common variable immunodeficiency.Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM · 2025Article
- Endocrinopathies associated with pediatric common variable immunodeficiency.Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM · 2025Article
- Circulating Immune and Endocrine Markers in Currently Drinking and Abstinent Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder and Controls.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- The Burden of Non-Infectious Organ-Specific Immunopathology in Pediatric Common Variable Immunodeficiency.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring genetic loci linked to COVID-19 severity and immune response through multi-trait GWAS analyses.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Association of thyroid hormone with osteoarthritis: from mendelian randomization and RNA sequencing analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Casual associations of thyroid function with inflammatory bowel disease and the mediating role of cytokines.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Gingivitis and Hypothyroidism in Children.Galen medical journal · 2024Review
- multi-GPA-Tree: Statistical approach for pleiotropy informed and functional annotation tree guided prioritization of GWAS results.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Blood Lymphocyte Subsets and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in ROHHAD(NET) and non-ROHHAD(NET) Obese Individuals.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Clinical spectrum of contactin-associated protein 2 autoimmune encephalitis in children.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Correlation between the intestinal microflora and peripheral blood Th1/Th2 balance in hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Analysis of risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- Prolactin Increases the Frequency of Follicular T Helper Cells with Enhanced IL21 Secretion and OX40 Expression in Lupus-Prone MRL/lpr Mice.Journal of immunology research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The endocrine and the immune systems interact by sharing receptors for hormones and cytokines, cross-control and feedback mechanisms. To date, no comprehensive study has assessed the impact of thyroid hormones on immune homeostasis. By studying immune phenotype (cell populations, antibody concentrations, circulating cytokines, adipokines and acute-phase proteins, monocyte-platelet interactions and cytokine production capacity) in two large independent cohorts of healthy volunteers of Western European descent from the Human Functional Genomics Project (500FG and 300BCG cohorts), we identified a crucial role of the thyroid hormone thyroxin (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on the homeostasis of lymphocyte populations. TSH concentrations were strongly associated with multiple populations of both effector and regulatory T cells, whereas B-cell populations were significantly associated with free T4 (fT4). In contrast, fT4 and TSH had little impact on myeloid cell populations and cytokine production capacity. Mendelian randomization further supported the role of fT4 for lymphocyte homeostasis. Subsequently, using a genomics approach, we identified genetic variants that influence both fT4 and TSH concentrations and immune responses, and gene set enrichment pathway analysis showed enrichment of fT4-affected gene expression in B-cell function pathways, including the CD40 pathway, further supporting the importance of fT4 in the regulation of B-cell function. In conclusion, we show that thyroid function controls the homeostasis of the lymphoid cell compartment. These findings improve our understanding of the immune responses and open the door for exploring and understanding the role of thyroid hormones in the lymphocyte function during disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.