ReviewHeart, lung & circulation2021
The Counter Regulatory Axis of the Lung Renin-Angiotensin System in Severe COVID-19: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.
Review in Heart, lung & circulation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Borders of the Cell: How Extracellular Vesicles Shape COVID-19 for People with Cystic Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Renin-Angiotensin System and Sex Differences in COVID-19: A Critical Assessment.Circulation research · 2023Review
- The spike effect of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines on blood pressure.European journal of internal medicine · 2023Review
- Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in hypertension: Review and update in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.Biochemical pharmacology · 2023Review
- COVID-19 and the heart.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- COVID-19, vaccines and deficiency of ACEEuropean journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- Proline-specific peptidase activities (DPP4, PRCP, FAP and PREP) in plasma of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2022Article
- Post-Proline Cleaving Enzymes (PPCEs): Classification, Structure, Molecular Properties, and Applications.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Impact of Tobacco Use on COVID-19 Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Journal of smoking cessation · 2022Review
- Heart, Lung and Circulation in the COVID-19 Era: About COVID-19, Not Just About COVID-19.Heart, lung & circulation · 2021Article
- Myocarditis, Pericarditis and Cardiomyopathy After COVID-19 Vaccination.Heart, lung & circulation · 2021Article
- ACE2, the Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System Axis and COVID-19 Severity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- The Renin-Angiotensin System as a Component of Biotrauma in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, which is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), uses angiotensin (ANG)-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the entrance receptor. Although most COVID-19 cases are mild, some are severe or critical, predominantly due to acute lung injury. It has been widely accepted that a counter regulatory renin-angiotensin system (RAS) axis including the ACE2/ANG [1-7]/Mas protects the lungs from acute lung injury. However, recent evidence suggests that the generation of protective ANG [1-7] in the lungs is predominantly mediated by proinflammatory prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), which has been repeatedly demonstrated to be involved in lung pathology. This review contends that acute lung injury in severe COVID-19 is characterised by a) ACE2 downregulation and malfunction (inflammatory signalling) due to viral occupation, and b) dysregulation of the protective RAS axis, predominantly due to increased activity of proinflammatory POP. It follows that a reasonable treatment strategy in COVID-19-related acute lung injury would be delivering functional recombinant (r) ACE2 forms to trap the virus. Additionally, or alternatively to rACE2 delivery, the potential benefits resulting from lowering POP activity should also be explored. These treatment strategies deserve further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.