ArticlePsychiatry research2021
Prevalence and correlates of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and the major role of stigmatization in low- and middle-income countries: A multinational cross-sectional study.
Article in Psychiatry research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of stigma reduction interventions and outbreak response adaptations in infectious disease outbreaks: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Scales for Measuring Infectious Disease-Related Stigma.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of stigma in infectious diseases, including COVID-19: a call to action.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Comparing the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in seven low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and moderators of depression symptoms among black individuals in Western Countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis among 1.3 million people in 421 studies.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Editorial: Biosocial determinants and solutions of mental health conditions in low and middle-income countries.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and determinants of anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety-depression symptoms among adolescents in Ebola-affected zones.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- Changes on depression and suicidal ideation under severe lockdown restrictions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a longitudinal study in the general population.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2023Article
- Social support profiles correlate with depressive symptoms among Chinese parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis.Journal of health psychology · 2023Article
- Unintended consequences of implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions for the COVID-19 response in Africa: experiences from DRC, Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda.Globalization and health · 2023Article
- [Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Health Workers During the Second Year of the Pandemic in Latin America: Cross-Sectional Survey Study].Revista colombiana de psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Examining the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: an international cross-sectional study protocol.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Addressing stigma in infectious disease outbreaks: a crucial step in pandemic preparedness.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Acceptability and feasibility of home and hospital follow-up in Burkina Faso and Guinea: A mixed-method study among patients of the COVID-19 Coverage-Africa clinical trial.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review.SAGE open medicine · 2023Review
- Mental health and COVID-19 in a general population cohort in Spain (COVICAT study).Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Mental distress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study among communities affected by Ebola virus disease in the DR Congo.Psychiatry research · 2022Article
- Stigmatization related COVID-19 and PTSD among Chinese graduates.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCurrently, there is little data on the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to examine the pooled and separate prevalence and determinants of depression during the pandemic in samples from four LMICs.
methodsParticipants (N= 1267, 40.9% women) were recruited from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Haiti, Rwanda, and Togo. They completed an online cross-sectional survey on sociodemographics, exposure and stigmatization related to COVID-19, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist depression subscale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2.
resultsThe pooled prevalence for depression symptoms was 24.3% (95% CI: 22.08-26.79%), with significant differences across countries. Younger age, gender (women), and high levels of exposure and stigmatization related to COVIID-19, and resilience were associated with depression in the pooled data. There were significant variations at the country level. Stigmatization (but not exposure to COVID-19 and resilience) was a strong predictor among the four countries.
conclusionsThe prevalence of depression symptoms in the LMICs are similar to those reported in China and in most high-income countries during the pandemic. The findings emphasize the need for implementing non-fear-based education programs during epidemics to reduce stigmatization.
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