SynthesisSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2021
Socioeconomic disparities in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review of empirical research.
Synthesis in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Global Initiative for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (GIFOSA): Rationale, Strategic Framework, and Call to Action.Pulmonary therapy · 2026Review
- Environmental, social, and health burdens in relation to sleep-disordered breathing among patients of community-based health center clinics in the United States.Sleep medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea in a Danish rural population - cross-sectional data from the Lolland-Falster Health Study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- The Effect of Informational Podcasts on Shared Decision-Making, Anxiety, and Patient Satisfaction in Hospital Visits: Intervention Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Exploring the cardiometabolic profile of Emirati adults at risk for obstructive sleep apnea: findings from the UAE healthy future study.Frontiers in sleep · 2026Article
- Exploring the treatment journey of obstructive sleep apnoea: a scoping review on the perspectives of Chinese patients.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Review
- Environmental, Social, and Health Burdens in relation to Sleep-Disordered Breathing among Patients of Community-Based Health Centers in the United States.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The Global Socioeconomic Burden of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association between the uric acid-to-high-density cholesterol ratio (UHR) and obstructive sleep apnea: mediation by C-reactive protein.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Oral Function, Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Improving the cardiovascular outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea: Towards more precise hypoxia-based models of disease severity.Current sleep medicine reports · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status and sleep duration among a representative, cross-sectional sample of US adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- The Use of Podcasts as Patient Preparation for Hospital Visits-An Interview Study Exploring Patients' Experiences.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- The Association of Serum Uric Acid with Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2021.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- The current state of complex systems research on socioeconomic inequalities in health and health behavior-a systematic scoping review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Article
- Overadjustment bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of socio-economic inequalities in health: a meta-research scoping review.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Factors Related to Obstructive Sleep Apnea According to Age: A Descriptive Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Disparities in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Upstream Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Implications.Clinics in chest medicine · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsidering socioeconomic status (SES) in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) will enhance our understanding of socioeconomic disparities in clinical practice of sleep medicine. This systematic review analyzes the relations between SES and OSA measures. METHODOLOGY: Eleven articles were identified through the Pubmed database. The National Institute of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to rate the quality of these studies.
resultsThis systematic review revealed that associations between socioeconomic status and OSA measures are similar for both adults, children, and adolescents. Our findings showed that: (1) A lower SES is associated with an increased risk of OSA, both in adults and children/adolescents as well as for men and women. (2) Several studies assessed sleep outcomes with a single question, an approach that is unable to capture the multi-dimensionality and day-to-day variability of sleep in general or OSA in particular, (3) Low SES has detrimental effects on sleep health. (4) Sleep questionnaires are more commonly used than objective measure to assess OSA.
conclusionsInteraction between SES and OSA must be better understood to improve current clinical guidelines. Living conditions influence the trajectory of OSA with unknown speed and for an, undetermined period, pointing to the need for more studies on this topic. Future work should identify the effect of SES on the development and progression of OSA, determine the effect of behavioral intervention and local public health programs to reduce social inequalities associated with OSA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.