ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2021
Epidemiological, otolaryngological, olfactory and gustatory outcomes according to the severity of COVID-19: a study of 2579 patients.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease with or without anosmia: A systematic review.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2025Review
- Olfactory function in diabetes mellitus.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Review
- Type 2 and Non-type 2 Inflammation in the Upper Airways: Cellular and Molecular Alterations in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cell Populations.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2024Review
- The Prognostic Value of Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with COVID-19: The COVIDORA Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- SARS-Cov-2 Cycle Threshold Value and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2023Article
- [Post-COVID-19 syndrome].Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine · 2023Review
- Evaluation of Clinical Features and Olfactory Functions in COVID-19: A Multicentre Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Trajectories of Olfactory Dysfunction from the First to the Omicron Wave: Are We Getting over it?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Post-Viral Olfactory Loss: What We Learned from the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Chemosensory Dysfunction in Long-Term COVID-19 Assessed by Self-Reported and Direct Psychophysical Methods.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Patterns of COVID-19-related headache: A cross-sectional study.Clinical neurology and neurosurgery · 2022Article
- The Prevalence and Implications of Olfactory/Gustatory Dysfunctions among Adult COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Multiethnic Populations Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Rehabilitation and COVID-19: update of the rapid living systematic review by Cochrane Rehabilitation Field as of February 28th, 2022.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Article
- Results from psychophysical tests of smell and taste during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2022Review
- Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Article
- Correlations between IL-6 serum level and olfactory dysfunction severity in COVID-19 patients: a preliminary study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Article
- The Effects of Persistent Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions on Quality of Life in Long-COVID-19 Patients.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate prevalence and epidemiological and clinical factors associated with olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction (GD) in COVID-19 patients according to the disease severity. STUDY
designCross-sectional study.
methodsA total of 2579 patients with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 were identified between March 22 and June 3, 2020 from 18 European hospitals. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted. Otolaryngological symptoms, including OD and GD, were collected through patient-reported outcome questionnaire and Sniffin'Sticks tests were carried out in a subset of patients.
resultsA total of 2579 patients were included, including 2166 mild (84.0%), 144 moderate (5.6%) and 269 severe-to-critical (10.4%) patients. Mild patients presented an otolaryngological picture of the disease with OD, GD, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and sore throat as the most prevalent symptoms. The prevalence of subjective OD and GD was 73.7 and 46.8%, and decreases with the severity of the disease. Females had higher prevalence of subjective OD and GD compared with males. Diabetes was associated with a higher risk to develop GD. Among the subset of patients who benefited from psychophysical olfactory evaluations, there were 75 anosmic, 43 hyposmic and 113 normosmic patients. The prevalence of anosmia significantly decreased with the severity of the disease. Anosmia or hyposmia were not associated with any nasal disorder, according to SNOT-22.
conclusionOD and GD are more prevalent in patients with mild COVID-19 compared with individuals with moderate, severe or critical diseases. Females might have a higher risk of developing OD and GD compared with males.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.