SynthesisCancer medicine2021
Systematic review of phase-I/II trials enrolling refractory and recurrent Ewing sarcoma: Actual knowledge and future directions to optimize the research.
Synthesis in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biological Sample Collection to Advance Research and Treatment: A Fight Osteosarcoma Through European Research and Euro Ewing Consortium Statement.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Guideline
- Trabectedin and low-dose irinotecan to target EWS::FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma: a phase 1/2 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma, Patterns of Care and Outcomes of Patients in a Real-Life National Setting Over a Decade.Cancer medicine · 2026Observational
- Suicide gene therapy targeting ewing sarcoma via an ewing-specific GGAA promoter.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Case report and review of the literature regarding management of primary uterine primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET).Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- Targeting metastasis in paediatric bone sarcomas.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Targeted inactivation of EWSR1 : : FLI1 gene in Ewing sarcoma via CRISPR/Cas9 driven by an Ewing-specific GGAA promoter.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Article
- Case Report: Should IGF-1R targeted therapy be revisited in Ewing sarcoma? a report of long-term complete response and review of the literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- TCR-transgenic T cells and YB-1-based oncolytic virotherapy improve survival in a preclinical Ewing sarcoma xenograft mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Inducing Mitotic Catastrophe as a Therapeutic Approach to Improve Outcomes in Ewing Sarcoma.Cancers · 2023Article
- Current Landscape of Immunotherapy for Advanced Sarcoma.Cancers · 2023Review
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Recurrent and Unresectable Bone Sarcomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Bone sarcoma: success through interdisciplinary collaboration.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOptimal Phase-II design to evaluate new therapies in refractory/relapsed Ewing sarcomas (ES) remains imperfectly defined.
objectivesRecurrent/refractory ES phase-I/II trials analysis to improve trials design.
methodsComprehensive review of therapeutic trials registered on five databases (who.int/trialsearch, clinicaltrials.gov, clinicaltrialsregister.eu, e-cancer.fr, and umin.ac.jp) and/or published in PubMed/ASCO/ESMO websites, between 2005 and 2018, using the criterion: (Ewing sarcoma OR bone sarcoma OR sarcoma) AND (Phase-I or Phase-II).
resultsThe 146 trials identified (77 phase-I/II, 67 phase-II, and 2 phase-II/III) tested targeted (34%), chemo- (23%), immune therapies (19%), or combined therapies (24%). Twenty-three trials were ES specific and 48 had a specific ES stratum. Usually multicentric (88%), few trials were international (30%). Inclusion criteria cover the recurrent ES age range for only 12% of trials and allowed only accrual of measurable diseases (RECIST criteria). Single-arm design was the most frequent (88%) testing mainly single drugs (61%), only 5% were randomized. Primary efficacy outcome was response rate (RR=CR+PR; Complete+Partial response) (n = 116/146; 79%), rarely progression-free or overall survival (16% PFS and 3% OS). H0 and H1 hypotheses were variable (3%-25% and 20%-50%, respectively). The 62 published trials enrolled 827 ES patients. RR was poor (10%; 15 CR=1.7%, 68 PR=8.3%). Stable disease was the best response for 186 patients (25%). Median PFS/OS was of 1.9 (range 1.3-14.7) and 7.6 months (5-30), respectively. Eleven (18%) published trials were considered positive, with median RR/PFS/OS of 15% (7%-30%), 4.5 (1.3-10), and 16.6 months (6.9-30), respectively.
conclusionThis review supports the need to develop the international randomized phase-II trials across all age ranges with PFS as primary endpoint.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.