ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Therapeutic vaccination targeting CD40 and TLR3 controls melanoma growth through existing intratumoral CD8 T cells without new T cell infiltration.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD40 Agonist Therapy in Melanoma: Translating Preclinical Promise Into Clinical Practice.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2026Review
- Experimental models in immuno-oncology and their translational impact.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Targeting myeloid cells to improve cancer immune therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Once upon a prime: DCs shape cancer immunity.Trends in cancer · 2023Review
- Interrogating the CD27:CD70 axis in αCD40-dependent control of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Emerging role of RNA sensors in tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- Antitumor Peptide-Based Vaccine in the Limelight.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Immunization with a Plasmid DNA Vaccine Encoding the N-Terminus of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 in Advanced Ovarian Cancer Leads to High-level Type I Immune Responses.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dendritic cells are potently activated by the synergistic action of CD40 stimulation in conjunction with signaling through toll like receptors, subsequently priming T cells. Cancer vaccines targeting the activation of dendritic cells in this manner show promise in murine models and are being developed for human patients. While the efficacy of vaccines based on CD40 and toll like receptor stimulation has been established, further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism of tumor control and how vaccination alters tumor infiltrating immune cells. In this study we vaccinated mice bearing established murine melanoma tumors with agonistic anti-CD40, polyI:C, and tumor antigen. Vaccination led to increased intratumoral T cell numbers and delayed tumor growth, yet did not require trafficking of T cells from the periphery. Pre-existing intratumoral T cells exhibited an acute burst in proliferation but became less functional in response to vaccination. However, the increased intratumoral T cell numbers yielded increased numbers of effector T cells per tumor. Together, our data indicate that the existing T cell response and intratumoral dendritic cells are critical for vaccination efficacy. It also suggests that circulating T cells responding to vaccination may not be an appropriate biomarker for vaccine efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.