ArticleScientific reports2021
Thiamethoxam exposure deregulates short ORF gene expression in the honey bee and compromises immune response to bacteria.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing species-specific neonicotinoid toxicity using cross-species chimeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in a Drosophila model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Insect immunity in the Anthropocene.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Acute toxicity of the fungicide captan to honey bees and mixed evidence for synergism with the insecticide thiamethoxam.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Gene expression in bumble bee larvae differs qualitatively between high and low concentration imidacloprid exposure levels.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Memory consolidation in honey bees is enhanced by down-regulation ofFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- CMTr mediated 2'-RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Dynamically expressed single ELAV/Hu orthologue elavl2 of bees is required for learning and memory.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Acute thiamethoxam toxicity in honeybees is not enhanced by common fungicide and herbicide and lacks stress-induced changes in mRNA splicing.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Maximizing crop yields relies on the use of agrochemicals to control insect pests. One of the most widely used classes of insecticides are neonicotinoids that interfere with signalling of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, but these can also disrupt crop-pollination services provided by bees. Here, we analysed whether chronic low dose long-term exposure to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam alters gene expression and alternative splicing in brains of Africanized honey bees, Apis mellifera, as adaptation to altered neuronal signalling. We find differentially regulated genes that show concentration-dependent responses to thiamethoxam, but no changes in alternative splicing. Most differentially expressed genes have no annotated function but encode short Open Reading Frames, a characteristic feature of anti-microbial peptides. As this suggested that immune responses may be compromised by thiamethoxam exposure, we tested the impact of thiamethoxam on bee immunity by injecting bacteria. We show that intrinsically sub-lethal thiamethoxam exposure makes bees more vulnerable to normally non-pathogenic bacteria. Our findings imply a synergistic mechanism for the observed bee population declines that concern agriculturists, conservation ecologists and the public.
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Registered trials
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