Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33452271›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Comparison of two fluorescent probes in preclinical non-invasive imaging and image-guided debridement surgery of Staphylococcal biofilm implant infections.

Howard Y Park, Stephen D Zoller, Vishal Hegde, William Sheppard, Zachary Burke, Gideon Blumstein, Christopher Hamad, Marina Sprague, John Hoang, Ryan Smith and 9 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Imaging ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Micro- and Nano-Bots for Infection Control.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Howard Y ParkDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
Stephen D ZollerDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
Vishal HegdeDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
William SheppardDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
Zachary BurkeDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
Gideon BlumsteinDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
Christopher HamadDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
Marina SpragueDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
John HoangDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
Ryan SmithDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
Francisco Romero PastranaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
Julie CzuprynaPerkinElmer, 68 Elm Street, Hopkinton, MA, 01748, USA.
Lloyd S MillerDepartment of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Marina López-ÁlvarezDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
Mafalda BispoDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
Marleen van OostenDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
Jan Maarten van DijlDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
Kevin P FrancisDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
Nicholas M BernthalDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 1250 16th Street, Suite 2100, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA. nbernthal@mednet.ucla.edu.
University of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Groningen · NLPerkinElmer (United States) · USUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine Training ProgramT32AR059033 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI John S Adams, Nicholas M. Bernthal · 2011 to 2026
$4.8M
Modifying and Delivering Antimicrobials to Prevent Orthopaedic Implant InfectionsK08AR069112 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BERNTHAL, NICHOLAS M. · 2016 to 2019
$704k
NIAMS NIH HHS K08 AR069112NIAMS NIH HHS T32 AR059033
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Implant-associated infections are challenging to diagnose and treat. Fluorescent probes have been heralded as a technologic advancement that can improve our ability to non-invasively identify infecting organisms, as well as guide the inexact procedure of surgical debridement. This study's purpose was to compare two fluorescent probes for their ability to localize Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections on spinal implants utilizing noninvasive optical imaging, then assessing the broader applicability of the more successful probe in other infection animal models. This was followed by real-time, fluorescence image-guided surgery to facilitate debridement of infected tissue. The two probe candidates, a labelled antibiotic that targets peptidoglycan (Vanco-800CW), and the other, a labelled antibody targeting the immunodominant Staphylococcal antigen A (1D9-680), were injected into mice with spine implant infections. Mice were then imaged noninvasively with near infrared fluorescent imaging at wavelengths corresponding to the two probe candidates. Both probes localized to the infection, with the 1D9-680 probe showing greater fidelity over time. The 1D9-680 probe was then tested in mouse models of shoulder implant and allograft infection, demonstrating its broader applicability. Finally, an image-guided surgery system which superimposes fluorescent signals over analog, real-time, tissue images was employed to facilitate debridement of fluorescent-labelled bacteria.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiofilmsDisease Models, AnimalFluorescent DyesMiceOptical ImagingProstheses and ImplantsProsthesis-Related InfectionsSpinal CordStaphylococcus aureusSurgery, Computer-AssistedTomography, X-Ray ComputedVancomycinAnti-Bacterial AgentsFluorescent DyesVancomycin

Identifiers

PMID33452271
PMCPMC7810895
OpenAlexW3121997407

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.