ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05889793 (Emetine for Viral Outbreaks), which is not on this map. Cited by 101 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Emetine for Viral Outbreaks: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial to Evaluate Oral Emetine Against Covid-19 (EVOLVE)
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review on impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Microbiological research · 2023Pooled it
- A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Nelfinavir in Patients with Mild COVID-19.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Trial
- Preventive and therapeutic benefits of nelfinavir in rhesus macaques and human beings infected with SARS-CoV-2.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Trial
- Emetine dihydrochloride inhibits Chikungunya virus nsP2 helicase and shows robust antiviral activity in cells and mice.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Article
- The (r)evolution of chemical space and molecular modeling: a time-resolved perspective.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Review
- Targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLIn silico pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Complete Chloroplast genome of Mentha aquatica reveals hypervariable regions and resolves phylogenetic position within the genus Mentha.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- The Binding of Brazilin fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Endolysosome-targeted nanoparticle delivery of antiviral therapy for coronavirus infections.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- Precision spatiotemporal analysis of large-scale compound-protein interactions through molecular dynamics simulation.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- DAMP-driven trained immunity: metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in critical illness and chronic inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Exploring of N-phthalimide-linked 1,2,3-triazole analogues with promising -anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity: synthesis, biological screening, and molecular modelling studies.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- The Anti-Inflammatory Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Progress in the study of mefloquine as an antibiotic adjuvant for combination bacterial inhibition treatment.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Structure and function of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 main proteases and their inhibition: A comprehensive review.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
- Evaluation of Ayush-64 (a Polyherbal Formulation) and Its Ingredients in the Syrian Hamster Model for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reveals the Preventative Potential ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Analysis of the N-glycosylation profiles of the spike proteins from the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Repurposing Polyether Ionophores as a New-Class of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Agents as Adjunct Therapy.Current microbiology · 2023Review
- Anticoronavirus Evaluation of Antimicrobial Diterpenoids: Application of New Ferruginol Analogues.Viruses · 2023Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than 50 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths worldwide as of November 2020. Currently, there are no effective antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration to contain this pandemic except the antiviral agent remdesivir. In addition, the trimeric spike protein on the viral surface is highly glycosylated and almost 200,000 variants with mutations at more than 1,000 positions in its 1,273 amino acid sequence were reported, posing a major challenge in the development of antibodies and vaccines. It is therefore urgently needed to have alternative and timely treatments for the disease. In this study, we used a cell-based infection assay to screen more than 3,000 agents used in humans and animals, including 2,855 small molecules and 190 traditional herbal medicines, and identified 15 active small molecules in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 50 μM. Two enzymatic assays, along with molecular modeling, were then developed to confirm those targeting the virus 3CL protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Several water extracts of herbal medicines were active in the cell-based assay and could be further developed as plant-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Some of the active compounds identified in the screen were further tested in vivo, and it was found that mefloquine, nelfinavir, and extracts of
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.