Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2021
Randomized Phase II Trial of Sipuleucel-T with or without Radium-223 in Men with Bone-metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02463799 (A Phase 2 Study of Sipuleucel-T With or Without Radium-223 in Men With Asymptomatic or Minimally Symptomatic Bone-Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 2 Study of Sipuleucel-T With or Without Radium-223 in Men With Asymptomatic or Minimally Symptomatic Bone-Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapeutic strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review of mechanisms, clinical advances and emerging approaches.Molecular biology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of complications and oncology outcomes of immunotherapy alone and combination in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Combinations of treatments based on radiotherapy or radionuclides to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Outcomes in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who received sipuleucel-T and no immediate subsequent therapy: experience at Dana Farber and in the PROCEED Registry.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2022Trial
- A Phase Ib Study of Atezolizumab with Radium-223 Dichloride in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Trial
- Molecular Mechanisms and Immune Regulation in Prostate Cancer: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Activation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells prior to radiopharmaceutical therapy improves antitumor response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Harnessing Vaccines in the Treatment of Solid Tumors: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- The role of the tumor microenvironment in mediating radiopharmaceutical therapy: bridging nuclear medicine and cancer immunotherapy.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Real-World Outcomes of Combination Therapy With Radium-223 and Enzalutamide Compared With Enzalutamide Alone in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.Advances in urology · 2026Article
- Synergistic effects of radiotherapy and immunotherapy: improving oncological outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Synergistic potential of sipuleucel-T in enhancing immunotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Synergistic targeting strategies for prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Article
- Immunomodulation and Immunotherapy for Patients with Prostate Cancer: An Up-to-Date Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Proceedings of the National Cancer Institute Workshop on combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy: challenges and opportunities for clinical translation.The Lancet. Oncology · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in the Development and Efficacy of Anti-Cancer Vaccines-A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer: emerging strategies, challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cellular Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Lessons Learned From 15 Years of Sipuleucel-T.Prostate cancer · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate whether radium-223 increases peripheral immune responses to sipuleucel-T in men with bone-predominant, minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND
methodsA total of 32 patients were randomized 1:1 in this open-label, phase II multicenter trial. Patients in the control arm received three sipuleucel-T treatments, 2 weeks apart. Those in the combination arm received six doses of radium-223 monthly, with sipuleucel-T intercalated between the second and fourth doses of radium-223. The primary endpoint was a comparison of peripheral antigen PA2024-specific T-cell responses (measured by proliferation index). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and PSA responses.
resultsWe enrolled 32 patients, followed for a median of 1.6 years. Six weeks after the first sipuleucel-T dose, participants in the control arm had a 3.2-fold greater change in PA2024-specific T-cell responses compared with those who received combination treatment (
conclusionsOur data raise the possibility of greater clinical activity with the combination of sipuleucel-T and radium-223 in men with asymptomatic bone mCRPC, despite the paradoxically lower immune responses observed. Additional study to confirm these findings in a larger trial is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.