ReviewCell & bioscience2021
The versatile role of exosomes in human retroviral infections: from immunopathogenesis to clinical application.
Review in Cell & bioscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Research progress of exosomes in orthopedics.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Free Therapies: Challenges and Opportunities.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles are associated with Getah virus RNA and transmission-related readoutsFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A revolutionary approach to unlocking liver disease treatment.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Virotherapy as Gene Deliver for Anti-Cancer Therapy: A Review Article.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial DNA-Mediated Intercellular Communication via Extracellular Vesicles Under Hypoxic Stress to Drive HCC Progression.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Plasma circulating extracellular vesicles reveal dysregulation of synaptic signaling in SHIV-infected rhesus macaque.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- A game of hide-and-seek: how extracellular vesicles evade the immune system.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in viral transmission and immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Harmonising cellular conversations: decoding the vital roles of extracellular vesicles in respiratory system intercellular communications.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Platelet-derived exosomes regulate endothelial cell inflammation and M1 macrophage polarization in coronary artery thrombosis via modulating miR-34a-5p expression.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Stem Cell-Based Acellular Therapy: Insight into Biogenesis, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- HIV-1 Nef is carried on the surface of extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Purification Method of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Infected Cells without Virions.Viruses · 2024Article
- Exosomes in neuron-glia communication: A review on neurodegeneration.BioImpacts : BI · 2024Review
- Cold Exposure Alleviates T2DM Through Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Recent advances in the roles of exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) in hematologic neoplasms: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication. These vesicles encompass many bio-molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that are transported between cells and regulate pathophysiological actions in the recipient cell. Exosomes originate from multivesicular bodies inside cells and microvesicles shed from the plasma membrane and participate in various pathological conditions. Retroviruses such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus -type 1 (HIV-1) and Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 engage exosomes for spreading and infection. Exosomes from virus-infected cells transfer viral components such as miRNAs and proteins that promote infection and inflammation. Additionally, these exosomes deliver virus receptors to target cells that make them susceptible to virus entry. HIV-1 infected cells release exosomes that contribute to the pathogenesis including neurological disorders and malignancy. Exosomes can also potentially carry out as a modern approach for the development of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 vaccines. Furthermore, as exosomes are present in most biological fluids, they hold the supreme capacity for clinical usage in the early diagnosis and prognosis of viral infection and associated diseases. Our current knowledge of exosomes' role from virus-infected cells may provide an avenue for efficient retroviruses associated with disease prevention. However, the exact mechanism involved in retroviruses infection/ inflammation remains elusive and related exosomes research will shed light on the mechanisms of pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.