SynthesisJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2021
Brain activity during real-time walking and with walking interventions after stroke: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based task paradigms in stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Brain activation of the PFC during dual-task walking in stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Non-invasive brain stimulation for improving gait, balance, and lower limbs motor function in stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of unilateral lower-limb exoskeleton robot on balance and gait recovery and neuroplasticity in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- The classification of walking and phases of gait using EEG: a scoping review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Biomechanical Characteristics of Compensatory Reactive Step Responding to the Simulated Trip Perturbation While Walking in Community-Dwelling People With Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- The characteristics of cortical activation during gait in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Bilateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation During Sensorimotor Tasks in People with Subacute Stroke - An Exploratory Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.NeuroRehabilitation · 2025Article
- The effects of protocol factors and participant characteristics on functional near-infrared spectroscopy data quality after stroke.Neuroimage. Reports · 2025Article
- Time-Normalization Approach for fNIRS Data During Tasks with High Variability in Duration.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging During Rehabilitation Following Stroke: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Review
- Review of the Brain's Behaviour after Injury and Disease for Its Application in an Agent-Based Model (ABM).Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Case report: Symmetrical and increased lateral sway-based walking training for patients with corpus callosum infarction: a case series.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Cortico-muscular connectivity is modulated by passive and active Lokomat-assisted Gait.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Multi-Site Identification and Generalization of Clusters of Walking Behaviors in Individuals With Chronic Stroke and Neurotypical Controls.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2023Article
- Multi-site identification and generalization of clusters of walking behaviors in individuals with chronic stroke and neurotypical controls.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Evidence of the Cerebral Oxygenation and Network Characteristics of Upper Limb Fatigue.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Premotor and Posterior Parietal Cortex Activity is Increased for Slow, as well as Fast Walking Poststroke: An fNIRS Study.Neural plasticity · 2023Article
- Targeting CNS Neural Mechanisms of Gait in Stroke Neurorehabilitation.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Phase-dependent Brain Activation of the Frontal and Parietal Regions During Walking After Stroke - An fNIRS Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Investigations of real-time brain activations during walking have become increasingly important to aid in recovery of walking after a stroke. Individual brain activation patterns can be a valuable biomarker of neuroplasticity during the rehabilitation process and can result in improved personalized medicine for rehabilitation. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the brain activation characteristics during walking post-stroke by determining: (1) if different components of gait (i.e., initiation/acceleration, steady-state, complex) result in different brain activations, (2) whether brain activations differ from healthy individuals. Six databases were searched resulting in 22 studies. Initiation/acceleration showed bilateral activation in frontal areas; steady-state and complex walking showed broad activations with the majority exploring and finding increases in frontal regions and some studies also showing increases in parietal activation. Asymmetrical activations were often related to performance asymmetry and were more common in studies with slower gait speed. Hyperactivations and asymmetrical activations commonly decreased with walking interventions and as walking performance improved. Hyperactivations often persisted in individuals who had experienced severe strokes. Only a third of the studies included comparisons to a healthy group: individuals post-stroke employed greater brain activation compared to young adults, while comparisons to older adults were less clear and limited. Current literature suggests some indicators of walking recovery however future studies investigating more brain regions and comparisons with healthy age-matched adults are needed to further understand the effect of stroke on walking-related brain activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.